Molecular epidemiology of gonorrhea.

Sarafian, S K; Knapp, J S

doi:10.1128/cmr.2.suppl.s49-s55.1989

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Auxotyping involves characterization of nutritional requirements for the growth of N. gonorrhoeae isolates. A variety of gonococcal auxotypes with different geographic distributions have been reported (26). In our study, the three predominant auxotypes were Proto (39.7%), Pro (29.3%), and Arg (25.9%) in 1995-1996.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and High Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Isolates in Japan, 1993 to 1998

Nakayama²,

et al. 2000

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To assess the antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from 1993 through 1998 in Japan, susceptibility testing was conducted on 502 isolates. Selected isolates were characterized by auxotype and analysis for mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) in the gyrAand parC genes, which confer fluoroquinolone resistance on the organism. Plasmid-mediated penicillin resistance (penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae) decreased significantly from 1993–1994 (7.9%) to 1997–1998 (2.0%). Chromosomally mediated penicillin resistance decreased from 1993–1994 (12.6%) to 1995–1996 (1.9%) and then increased in 1997–1998 (10.7%). Chromosomally mediated tetracycline resistance decreased from 1993–1994 (3.3%) to 1997–1998 (2.0%), and no plasmid-mediated high-level tetracycline resistance was found. Isolates with ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC ≥ 1 μg/ml) increased significantly from 1993–1994 (6.6%) to 1997–1998 (24.4%). The proline-requiring isolates were less susceptible to ciprofloxacin than the prototrophic or arginine-requiring isolates. Ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates contained three or four amino acid substitutions within the QRDR in the GyrA and ParC proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and High Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Isolates in Japan, 1993 to 1998

Nakayama²,

et al. 2000

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“…The infection by N. gonorrhoeae is characterized by a massive infiltration of activated neutrophils into the infected tissues (54). We and others showed that gonococci added to neutrophils induced an oxidative response, depending on the opacity protein expressed on the bacterial surface (12,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological agents such as N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) can also stimulate the oxidative burst (7). The facultative intracellular human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea (54). During the course of infection, gonococci penetrate the epithelium of human mucosal tissues and incite a massive inflammatory response in subepithelial tissues (42).…”

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confidence: 99%

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Porin Modifies the Oxidative Burst of Human Professional Phagocytes

et al. 2000

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A hallmark of infection with the gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the local infiltration and subsequent activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Several gonococcal outer membrane proteins are involved in the interaction with and the activation of these phagocytes, including gonococcal porin, the most abundant protein in the outer membrane. Previous work suggests that this porin plays a role in various cellular processes, including inhibiting neutrophils activation and phagosome maturation in professional phagocytes. Here we investigated the ability of porin to modify the oxidative metabolism of human peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes in response to particulate stimuli (including live gonococci) and soluble agents. The activation of the oxidative metabolism was determined by chemiluminescence amplified with either luminol or lucigenin. We found that treatment of the phagocytes with porin inhibits the release of reactive oxygen species measured as luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in response to zymosan, latex particles, and gonococci. The engulfment of these particles was not, however, affected by porin treatment. Similar effects of porin on the chemiluminescence response were observed in cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils exposed to the soluble chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. This indicates that porin selectively inhibits granule fusion with those cellular membranes that are in direct contact with porin, namely, the phagosomal and plasma membranes. This porin-induced downregulation of oxidative metabolism may be a potent mechanism by which gonococci modulate oxygen-dependent reactions by activated phagocytes at inflammation sites.

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“…The auxotype-serovar (A/S) classification is currently the most widely accepted method for the discrimination of N. gonorrhoeae isolates.2 However, the A/S classification system has some major limitations because different strains often express the same a~xotype.~ Serotyping provides a far more sensitive method for strain discrimination than auxotyping but there is scepticism that it may over-discriminate some serovars, while not providing sufficient discrimination of other strains within major serovars such as IB-1 and IB-3. 4 Comparison of the entire nucleotide sequence of gonococcal genomes may lead to a definitive typing method although t h s approach is relatively complex, expensive and impractical for large numbers of isolates. A simpler approach involves amplification, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and direct DNA sequencing of a single gene, e.g., the N. rhoeae strains comprising eight IB-3 and nine IB-7 serovars were studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis

2007

Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary

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Summary. Serotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae based on the differential recognition by a panel of six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Protein IB (PIB) is a valuable tool for studying the epidemiology of gonorrhoea. However, the predominance of certain serovars in specific geographic regions necessitates the development of new MAbs or new genotyping approaches. Nucleotide and amino-acid sequence analysis of PIB from strains within the IB-3 and IB-7 serovars revealed strain differences within the same serovar. Based on the generation of PIB nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences that centred on amino-acid residues 196 and 237, eight serovar IB-3 strains and nine serovar IB-7 strains were separately subdivided into five groups. Intra-serovar differences were also established by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of macro-restriction fragments generated by SpeI-and NheI-cleavage of genomic DNA. There was good correlation between the results based on PIB gene PCRsequencing and those based on PFGE analysis of macro-restriction fragment patterns. These data demonstrate the high precision of PFGE analysis and indicate that this approach can be used as a rapid epidemiological subtyping system for major serovars of N . gonorrhoeae.

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Molecular epidemiology of gonorrhea.

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and High Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Isolates in Japan, 1993 to 1998

Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and High Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Isolates in Japan, 1993 to 1998

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Porin Modifies the Oxidative Burst of Human Professional Phagocytes

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis

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