Molecular epidemiology of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review

Chisompola, Namaunga Kasumu; Streicher, Elizabeth; Muchemwa, Chishala Miriam Kapambwe; Warren, Robin M.; Sampson, Samantha L.

doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05031-5

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…However, yet another study from China found that defaulting rate is 17% and a higher defaulting rate was also reported from Africa and India [ 28 , 29 ]. Defaulted M/XDR-TB patients could potentially continue to infect others and are a threat to public health, just as Chisompola et al reported that primary drug resistance remained the predominant type of transmission [ 30 ]. Therefore, reducing defaulting rate is critical to reduce M/XDR-TB spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Zhejiang, China

et al. 2021

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Background The aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcomes of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) in Zhejiang, China and to evaluate possible risk factors associated with poor outcomes of M/XDR-TB. Methods Two-hundred-and-sixty-two patients having M/XDR-TB who received the diagnosis and treatment at nine referral hospitals from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 in Zhejiang, China were included. All patients received second-line regimens recommended by WHO under the DOTS-Plus strategy. Results Among the 262 patients, the treatment success rate was 55.34% (n = 145) with 53.44% (n = 140) cured and 1.91% (n = 5) who completed treatment, 62 (23.66%) failed, 27 (10.31%) died, 16 (6.11%) defaulted and 12 (4.58%) transferred out. Forty (64.52%) of the 62 M/XDR-TB patients who failed treatment were due to adverse effects in the first 10 months of treatment. Eighteen patients (6.37%) had XDR-TB. Treatment failure was significantly higher among patients with XDR-TB at 50% than that among patients with non-XDR-TB at 21.72% (P = 0.006). Failure outcomes were associated with a baseline weight less than 50 kg (OR, 8.668; 95% CI 1.679–44.756; P = 0.010), age older than 60 years (OR, 9.053; 95% CI 1.606–51.027; P = 0.013), hemoptysis (OR, 8.928; 95% CI 1.048–76.923; P = 0.045), presence of cavitary diseases (OR, 10.204; 95% CI 2.032–52.631; P = 0.005), or treatment irregularity (OR, 47.619; 95% CI 5.025–500; P = 0.001). Conclusion Treatment outcomes for M/XDR-TB under the DOTS-Plus strategy in Zhejiang, China were favorable but still not ideal. Low body weight (< 50 kg), old age (> 60 years), severe symptoms of TB including cavitary disease, hemoptysis and irregular treatment were independent prognostic factors for failure outcomes in patients with M/XDR-TB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Zhejiang, China

et al. 2021

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“…Some of the major risk causes that have been linked with hospital-acquired DR-TB are lack of proper TB infection prevention and control measures, poor ventilation, delayed diagnosis, and overcrowded wards [ 61 ]. In nations with high HIV occurrence rate, over 75% of tuberculosis cases are HIV-associated [ 62 ] and the high rate of HIV prevalence rate in TB infected persons makes nosocomial spread or transmission a major driving force in the transmission of DR-TB strains [ 63 ]. Another method used to analyse a research field is the use of a co-word.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Analysis on Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis-Related Research Trends in Africa: A Decade-Long Study

Igwaran

Edoamodu

2021

Antibiotics

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Tuberculosis is one of the oldest known diseases and the leading communicable cause of deaths worldwide. Although several studies have been carried out on tuberculosis, no research has examined the publication trends in this area. Hence, this study aimed to fill the gap by conducting a bibliometric study in publications trends on tuberculosis and tuberculosis-related studies in Africa from 2010–2019 and explore the hotspots. Information in published documents on tuberculosis and its related studies from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The bibliometric tool biblioshiny and Microsoft Excel 2016 were used to analyse the top leading journals, top cited documents, authors’ country production, country collaboration networks, most relevant authors, authors’ impacts, most relevant authors by corresponding author, most cited countries, university collaborations, most relevant affiliations, conceptual structural maps, title word co-occurrence networks, collaboration and significance of individual sources, university, country and keyword relations. A total of 3945 published documents were retrieved. The analyses showed that European Respiratory Journal was the leading journal in publications on tuberculosis studies with a total of 452 published articles, the WHO 2012 report was the most cited document with 2485 total citations while South Africa was the most productive country in tuberculosis publications as well as the leading country with the highest co-authorship collaboration. Analysis of top relevant authors revealed that Anonymous (133) and Dheda (44) were the two topmost relevant authors of tuberculosis publications, South Africa was the most relevant country by corresponding authors and the topmost cited country for tuberculosis publications. Furthermore, analysis of the university collaborations network showed that the University of Cape Town was the topmost university in Africa with the highest collaboration network, tuberculosis as a word had the highest co-occurrence network while the Three Field Plot diagram revealed the relations between universities, keywords and countries. This study provides a quantitative and qualitative analyses of the leading journals, most cited published articles, title word occurrences, and most relevant authors in published documents on tuberculosis and tuberculosis related studies from 2010–2019.

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“…However, there is the need to further assess the complexity of the emergence of drug resistant strains that have become a major challenge to the control of the disease. Comparative genomic studies have also shown that strain diversity could also be a major factor heightening the threat of TB drug resistance (40,178,179). This section seeks to throw more light on the advances made toward deciphering the mechanisms of drug resistance especially among the West African genotypes of MTBC and to provide new directions for future studies.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Drug Resistance Emergence and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is paucity of data on TB drug resistance in sub-Saharan Africa which has always called for active surveillance to determine the true burden of DR in West Africa and Africa as a whole (178). The WHO initially reported the burden of drug resistance in West Africa based mainly on projected estimates.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Drug Resistance Emergence and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relevance of Genomic Epidemiology for Control of Tuberculosis in West Africa

Asare

Asante-Poku

Osei-Wusu

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Tuberculosis (TB), an airborne infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), remains a global health problem. West Africa has a unique epidemiology of TB that is characterized by medium- to high-prevalence. Moreover, the geographical restriction of M. africanum to the sub-region makes West Africa have an extra burden to deal with a two-in-one pathogen. The region is also burdened with low case detection, late reporting, poor treatment adherence leading to development of drug resistance and relapse. Sporadic studies conducted within the subregion report higher burden of drug resistant TB (DRTB) than previously thought. The need for more sensitive and robust tools for routine surveillance as well as to understand the mechanisms of DRTB and transmission dynamics for the design of effective control tools, cannot be overemphasized. The advancement in molecular biology tools including traditional fingerprinting and next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies offer reliable tools for genomic epidemiology. Genomic epidemiology provides in-depth insight of the nature of pathogens, circulating strains and their spread as well as prompt detection of the emergence of new strains. It also offers the opportunity to monitor treatment and evaluate interventions. Furthermore, genomic epidemiology can be used to understand potential emergence and spread of drug resistant strains and resistance mechanisms allowing the design of simple but rapid tools. In this review, we will describe the local epidemiology of MTBC, highlight past and current investigations toward understanding their biology and spread as well as discuss the relevance of genomic epidemiology studies to TB control in West Africa.

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Molecular epidemiology of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review

Cited by 24 publications

References 90 publications

Treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Zhejiang, China

Treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Zhejiang, China

Bibliometric Analysis on Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis-Related Research Trends in Africa: A Decade-Long Study

The Relevance of Genomic Epidemiology for Control of Tuberculosis in West Africa

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