Molecular epidemiology and characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans strains isolated in Italy during the 1990s

Hunolstein, Christina von

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.04864-0

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A number of the typing methods available at that time (multilocus enzyme electrophoresis [MLE], pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], ribotyping, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD] analysis) and newer methods (amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis) were applied for interstrain differentiation of the pathogen (6,7,8,20,22,23,28,29,33,36,40). These methods allowed the identification of a clonal group of closely related strains responsible for the epidemic in Russia and all other countries of the former Soviet Union and to trace strains exported into other countries (6,22,23,32,33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Discrimination within aCorynebacterium diphtheriaeEpidemic Clonal Group by a Novel Macroarray-Based Method

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The diphtheria epidemic in Russia and neighboring countries in the 1990s (140,000 cases, 4,000 deaths in 1991 to 1996 [39]) stimulated research activities on Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a causative agent of the disease. A number of the typing methods available at that time (multilocus enzyme electrophoresis [MLE], pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], ribotyping, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD] analysis) and newer methods (amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis) were applied for interstrain differentiation of the pathogen (6,7,8,20,22,23,28,29,33,36,40). These methods allowed the identification of a clonal group of closely related strains responsible for the epidemic in Russia and all other countries of the former Soviet Union and to trace strains exported into other countries (6,22,23,32,33). These strains were indistinguishable by PFGE, RAPD analysis, and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and very similar by ribotyping (there were two principal profiles, "Rossija" and "Sankt-Peterburg," which differed by one band [6, 14, 33]). Minor rare variants were identified by RAPD and ribotyping techniques (22), and a total of 27 types similar by Ͼ80% were identified by MLE typing of all strains of this clonal group studied to date (32, 33). However, MLE, PFGE, and ribotyping are time-consuming and rather cumbersome methods, while RAPD analysis lacks interlaboratory reproducibility and hence exchangeability of results. To identify and rapidly monitor subtle changes in the genome structure at an infraclonal level during and between epidemics, fast, simple, portable, and discriminatory molecular typing methods of C. diphtheriae are still needed.Repetitive genome sequences present important sources of intraspecies variation. A new family of such loci (clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats [CRISPR]) has recently been identified by in silico analysis of many bacterial species (19). This family is characterized by direct repeats (DR) varying in size from 21 to 37 bp, interspaced by similarly sized nonrepetitive sequences (variable spacers). DR and adjacent variable spacers form direct variant repeats (DVR) (20). The DNA reverse-hybridization method was developed to study variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis DR locus (the presence or absence of 43 different spacers) by using the macroarray format; this method was named "spoligotyping" (spacer oligonucleotide typing [20]) and has been widely used for epidemiological and phylogenetic purposes (12,20,35).In 2003, a complete genome sequence of the C. diphtheriae epidemic strain of biotype gravis ribotype Sankt-Peterburg was published (4). This publication made possible a more thorough, precise, and comprehensive search of candidate polymorphic loci for the development of new typing methods for this pathogen. In the present study, we identified in silico a large DR region in the genome of C. diphtheriae and developed a reverse-hybridization macroarray-based method to study its polymorphism. Using this method, we e...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Discrimination within aCorynebacterium diphtheriaeEpidemic Clonal Group by a Novel Macroarray-Based Method

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While diphtheria has almost been eradicated by vaccination programmes in many industrialized countries (Galazka, 2000;Hadfield et al, 2000;von Hunolstein et al, 2003), the disease is still a global medical challenge and especially dangerous in many resource-poor countries. Furthermore, it has become evident that C. diphtheriae infections can cause other manifestations besides diphtheria, such as bacteraemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and splenic abscesses (see Puliti et al, 2006 and references therein;Hirata et al, 2008;Farfour et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of the NFκ-B signal transduction pathway in response to Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, has been thoroughly studied with respect to toxin production and pili formation, while knowledge on host responses to C. diphtheriae infection is limited. In this study, we studied adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells by different C. diphtheriae isolates. When NFk-B reporter cell lines were used to monitor the effect of C. diphtheriae infection on human cells, strain-specific differences were observed. While adhesion to host cells had no effect, a correlation of invasion rate with NFk-B induction was found, which indicates that internalization of bacteria is crucial for NFk-B induction.Immunofluorescence microscopy experiments used to support the reporter assays showed that translocation of p65, as a hallmark of NFk-B induction, was only observed in association with cell invasion by C. diphtheriae. Our data indicate that the response of epithelial cells to C. diphtheriae infection is determined by internalization of bacteria and that invasion of these cells is an active process; tetracycline-treated C. diphtheriae was still able to attach to host cells, but lost its ability to invade the cytoplasm. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as pili subunits by membrane-bound receptors facing the outside of the cell is not sufficient for NFk-B induction.

show abstract

“…Based on these results we can conclude that the root may contain the powerful antibacterial constituent that may serve as a good antibacterial agent in treating typhoid and dysentery. The flower extract showed powerful activity against C. diphtheriae (which causes diphtheria) [19][20]; further research is required for the isolation of the active antimicrobial principle that may serve as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for the treatment of a variety of infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cultures were maintained on the nutrient agar slant. The Bacillus subtilis [11] Staphylococcus aureus [12][13][14] Streptococcus pyogenes [15][16] Streptococcus agalactiae [17][18] Corynebacterium diphtheriae [19][20] Escherichia coli [21][22] Pseudomonas aeruginosa [23][24] Salmonella typhi [25][26] Shigella boydii [27][28] Aeromonas hydrophila [29][30] nutrient agar was poured into the perti plates (10 × 10cm) and allowed to solidify, after solidification, it was kept in the incubator at 37°C for 24 hours. The main reason for incubation was to maintain the sterility.…”

Section: Antibacterial Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of different extracts from theCatharanthus roseus

Raza¹,

Nasir²,

Abbas³

et al. 2009

Clinical and Experimental Medical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Catharanthus roseus, or Vinca rosea belongs to the family Apocynaceae, the other common names are periwinkle, madagascar periwinkle, sadabahar. The plant is easily growing and commonly available in the sub-continent. Catharanthus roseus has a variety of medicinal properties, such as antibacterial [1], antifungal [2] and antiviral [3]. The alkaloids from C. roseus are famous for their anticancer activity [4][5]. Studies revealed its wound healing action in the rats [6]. It is also known to possess antidiabetic action via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [7][8]. Antioxidant properties are also reported in the literature [9].Biological screening of the plant was carried out for the determination of antimicrobial activity both in vivo and in vitro. In the present study the well plate method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of Catharanthus roseus, for this reason wells were made on petri plates filled with nutrient agar containing a culture of a particular bacterial species [10] Catharanthus roseus belongs to the family Apocynaceae, is an erector procumbent herb or undershrub containing latex. It possesses known antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer and antiviral activities. In the present study we carried out the screening of this plant for its antibacterial potential adopting the antibacterial assay. The different parts of C. roseus (leaf, stem, flower and root) were used and extracts were subjected to antibacterial assay. The extracts of C. roseus did not exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, leaf, stem and flower extracts were also ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leave extract did not exhibit activity against Corynebacterium diphtheriae, similarly, the crude extract of stem did not shown activity against Shigella boydii. The most effective was the root extract, which exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and S. boydii with the zone of inhibitions measuring 24 mm and 22 mm, respectively. The flower extract also showed activity against C. diphtheriae.

show abstract

Molecular epidemiology and characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans strains isolated in Italy during the 1990s

Cited by 61 publications

References 32 publications

Efficient Discrimination within aCorynebacterium diphtheriaeEpidemic Clonal Group by a Novel Macroarray-Based Method

Efficient Discrimination within aCorynebacterium diphtheriaeEpidemic Clonal Group by a Novel Macroarray-Based Method

Induction of the NFκ-B signal transduction pathway in response to Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection

Antibacterial activity of different extracts from theCatharanthus roseus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About