Molecular Detection ofMycobacterium avium aviumandMycobacterium genavensein Feces of Free-living Scarlet Macaws (Ara macao) in Costa Rica

Abstract

We conducted a study of the two main populations of free-living Scarlet Macaws ( Ara macao) in Costa Rica to detect the causal agents of avian tuberculosis using noninvasive techniques. We analyzed 83 fecal samples collected between February and May 2016 from the central and southern Pacific areas in the country. Using PCR, we first amplified the 16S region of the ribosomal RNA, common to all Mycobacterium species. Then, products from the insertion sequence IS901 and from a 155-base pair DNA fragment evidenced the presence of the avian pathogenic Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium strain and a Mycobacterium genavense strain, respectively. Seven of 38 (18%) samples collected in the central Pacific area were positive for Mycobacterium spp. and 3 of 38 (8%) were positive for M. genavense, with one sample amplifying regions for both. Two of the 45 (4%) samples collected in the south Pacific area of Costa Rica were positive to M. a. avium. Our detection of avian tuberculosis pathogens in free-living Scarlet Macaws suggests that free-living macaws could excrete in their feces M. genavense, bird-pathogenic M. a. avium, and possibly other Mycobacteria (not detected in our study).

Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria From Wildlife in Japan

“…The importance of NTM, other than MAC, as an opportunistic infection in humans and animals has also been increasing (Donohue 2018). For example, there have been recent reports of the isolation of Mycolicibacterium thermoresistibile from feline panniculitis and isolation of Mycolicibacterium peregrinum and Mycobacterium genavense from migratory birds (Biet and Boschiroli 2014;Patiño et al 2018).…”

Graduation of pathomorphological changes of the spleen of Pheasants with tuberculosis

“…Інфікована нею птиця за туберкульозного процесу у кишковій трубці виділяє збудника назовні (Busatto, Vianna, Junior da Silva, Ramis, & da Silva, 2019;Yu, Song, Zhang, & Li, 2019). Аліментарно чи через пошкоджені шкіру або кон'юнктиву за контакту із такою птицею інфікуються люди (Patiño, Monge, Suzán, Gutiérrez-Espeleta, & Chaves, 2018;Zhu et al, 2017;Stepień-Pyśniak et al, 2016).…”

“…Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. У епідеміології туберкульозу людей, особливо -за фонових імунодефіцитів, значна роль належить туберкульозній птиці (Patiño, Monge, Suzán, Gutiérrez-Espeleta, & Chaves, 2018;Álvarez, Moroni, & Verdugo, 2017;Slany, Ulmann, & Slana, 2016).…”

Evaluation of six decontamination procedures for isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex from avian feces

“…However, culture is time consuming because mycobacteria pathogenic to birds are slow growing and colonies may take 2 to 4 weeks to appear due to long replication time of at least 15 h [ 13 ]. Molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping and sequencing of 16S rRNA and hsp 16 gene have revolutionized the detection of NTM in human and animal samples [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Molecular methods are rapid and result can be available in one day [ 17 ].…”

“…Molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping and sequencing of 16S rRNA and hsp 16 gene have revolutionized the detection of NTM in human and animal samples [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Molecular methods are rapid and result can be available in one day [ 17 ]. However, cultivation and isolation of pathogen is essential for subsequent identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test [ 16 ].…”