The study of patho-anatomical changes is essential in identifying pathological processes and diagnosing especially comorbid pathologies. The aim of this study was to reveal pathological changes and differences in the spontaneous comorbidity of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium avium) and eimeriosis (Eimeria spp.) in adult chickens and ornamental pheasants. The paper highlighted the results of pathological-anatomical changes in adult domestic chickens (n = 17) and ornamental pheasants (n = 5) with spontaneous comorbidity of eimeriosis and tuberculosis. Mycobacteria was detected using bacterioscopy of smears-prints from fragments of organs and Eimeria oocysts were detected by the Füllenborn flotation method. In pheasants, tubercular granulomas were found in the intestine, liver, and spleen in combination with scarring and swelling of the wall and mesentery, and venous stasis in the mesenteric vessels. In addition, hematomas and organ destruction in the liver and spleen were found in pheasants. In domestic chickens, tuberculous granulomas and steatosis were found in the liver. In the intestines, there were indications of mucocatarrhal inflammation, edema, hyperplasia, and small hemorrhages in the area of the cecal-intestinal diverticulum. Tuberculous nodules, internal hemorrhages around the perimeter of the tubercle, and devascularization were observed in the spleen. The present study revealed notable differences in the pathological and anatomical changes resulting from the comorbidity of eimeriosis and tuberculosis in domestic chickens and pheasants.
The article describes the histological characteristics of the skin of clinically healthy domestic dogs and cats, presents morphometric data on the thickness of the skin, layers of the epidermis, the area of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles; describes sexual and seasonal skin replacements in domestic dogs and cats, common in the east of Ukraine. The material for research is the skin of clinically healthy dogs and cats. Research method is histological. Punch-biopsy of skin fragments was performed in animals on the right from the middle of the lateral surface of the back. Fragments of skin after fixation in 10 % neutral formalin were examined by paraffin, followed by staining of slides with hematoxylin-eosin and by gelatin impregnation, staining with Sudan II, hematoxylin of Karachi. In horizontal and vertical skin sections, the following was investigated: the thickness of the epidermis, papillary and reticular layers, the length and width of the sweat and sebaceous glands, follicle of the hair, the location of hair bundles and the ratio of secondary follicles to primary ones. The histological characteristics of skin and derivatives in dogs and cats have been established. The information obtained from morphometric histostudies indicates significant fluctuations in the values in cats depending on the season; the difference in skin thickness in winter and summer reached 1407 μM and had the same parameters in females and males. The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis correlated with the total skin thickness as 53.9 and 60.3 % in winter and 45.4 and 38.7% in summer, respectively. Epidermal seasonal changes were less significant. The papillary layer of the skin of the domestic cat was more developed than the reticular layer, in contrast to the dogs. The area of the basal sebaceous glands in cats averaged 0.05 mm2 in summer and 0.013 mm2 in winter. In domestic dogs, skin thickness and hair density did not depend on seasonal changes, but on the sex of the animals; in females, the skin was on average 496 + 183 microns thick, and the density was not significantly higher than in males. The area of the sebaceous glands averaged 0,020 mm2 in dog, in cats 0.013 mm2 in summer and in winter – 0.05 mm2.
The results of the study of macroscopical changes in the structural components of the heart and the walls of vessels of different caliber in domestic and ornamental birds that died from tuberculosis are presented. The object of the study was the forms of cardiovascular pathologies in generalized poultry tuberculosis.The aim of the study is to identify and classify macroscopical changes in the heart and wall of bloods vessels in generalized poultry tuberculosis. Materials and research methods. The work was done at the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology of KhSZA. The following methods were used: pathological autopsy, its analysis, macro-microscopic examination of the heart and wall of bloods vessels using weak-optical lenses, thanatogenetic analysis. 18 adult birds of different species with a comprehensively established diagnosis of "Tuberculosis avium" were studied: pheasants (n = 5), peacocks (n = 3), quail (n = 7), chickens (n = 3).Result of the research. The following cardiac pathologies were diagnosed: cardiac tamponade, pericarditis (constrictive and exudative-constrictive with obliteration of the pericardial cavity); myocarditis; areas of ischemia with an area of damage from 10 % to 50 % or more. Using weak-fold optical lenses in the myocardium of individual birds, miniature scars were detected, located partially perivascular (diagnosed with cardiosclerosis, fibrosis with a diffuse structure, focal hypertrophy of preserved areas of the myocardium). Vascular pathologies differed in complexity and intensity. Ornamental birds were diagnosed with aortic sclerosis, a complication of atherosclerosis (thrombosis, hemorrhage into a disintegrated atheroma), rupture of the aorta and other vessels, hemorrhages, hematomas, anemia, ischemia, thrombosis of mesenteric vessels, thrombophlebitis.
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