Molecular detection of Campylobacter species from human and cattle faecal samples in Kilosa district, Tanzania

Abstract

Background: A growing number of Campylobacter species other than C. jejuni and C. coli have been considered as emerging human and animal pathogens. However, the contribution of these species to human gastroenteritis is poorly documented. This study aimed at detecting Campylobacter species from human and cattle faecal samples in Kilosa district, Tanzania using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, and Sanger sequencing . Methods: A total number of 100 faecal samples (70 from human and 30 from cattle) were collected from diarrheic and non-diarrheic patients and healthy cattle in Kilosa district, Tanzania from July to October 2019. Species identification was conducted by PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis was carried out by comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences to reference strains by the Neighbor-Joining method in MEGA X. Results: Campylobacter species detection rate by PCR was 65.7% (46/70) and 20% (6/30) in humans and cattle, respectively. There were five human diarrheic cases, four showed Campylobacter presence and two were from children ≤15 years of age. In humans, the 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that C. concisus was the most predominant species occurring at a frequency of 37.8% (14/37), followed by uncultured Campylobacter spp. 24.3% (9/37) and C. hominis 21.6% (8/37). The least represented species were C. jejuni and C. lanienae all occurring at 2.7% (1/37). In cattle, five (100%) sequenced PCR products matched with C. lanienae . Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Campylobacter 16S rRNA sequences were closely related to C. concisus , uncultured Campylobacter sp., C. hominis , and C. gracilis . Conclusion: The non- C. jejuni / C. coli species are present in human and cattle faecal samples and their true occurrence is probably under-reported due to shortcomings of conventional techniques used in most diagnostic microbiology laboratories. Based on our findings, we recommend that molecular techniques be adopted for direct detection of Campylobacter species during routine laboratory screening and surveillance studies. Keywords: Campylobacter , molecular diagnostics, polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, gastroenteritis, Tanzania

Whole Resistome Analysis in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Genomes Available in Public Repositories

“…Although the current study does not involve a source attribution analysis, the similar ARG genotype patterns and levels of prevalence of bla OXA−61 , tet(O), and gyrA (T86I) found among human, chicken, and turkey C. jejuni genomes, and of bla OXA−61 and tet(O) among human and chicken C. coli genomes, suggest a high level of relatedness among isolates from these origins. Poultry has been reported as the main source of human infection in studies carried out in different locations including Denmark (Joensen et al, 2020), Sub-Saharan Africa (Gahamanyi et al, 2020), or Lithuania (Ramonaite et al, 2017). On the other hand, other authors have identified as important sources of human infection both chicken and ruminants in France (Berthenet et al, 2019), the United States (Kelley et al, 2020), Israel (Rokney et al, 2018), and Sub-Saharan Africa (Hlashwayo et al, 2020) or chicken and wild birds in Baltic countries (Mäesaar et al, 2020).…”

Making Food Safer in Palestine: A One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance

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