MOLECULAR DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE DETERMINANTS IN<i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i>ISOLATED FROM THE ENDANGERED AUSTRALIAN SEA LION (<i>NEOPHOCA CINEREA</i>)

Delport, Tiffany C.; Harcourt, Robert; Beaumont, Linda J.; Webster, Koa N.; Power, Michelle

doi:10.7589/2014-08-200

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In captivity, animals are exposed to organisms atypical of their natural environment. This may lead to establishment of microbes from nonendemic sources (30,53), potentially influencing the composition of microbiota. Captive marine mammals are exposed to a variety of nonendemic microbes via interactions with zookeepers, through animal interaction programs involving the general public, and through social interactions in holding pens with mammalian species not usually within their natural environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These animals originate from captive breeding programs and/or rehabilitation of rescued injured animals. Previous work looking at the gut community compositions of captive pinnipeds focused on a small number of samples (5) or selected bacterial strains (30). These studies indicated that the carefully controlled diet and habitat, as well as potential interactions with a different set of foreign animals, are likely to influence the gut microbiome.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Colony Location and Captivity Influence the Gut Microbial Community Composition of the Australian Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea)

Delport

Power

Harcourt

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Gut microbiota play an important role in maintenance of mammalian metabolism and immune system regulation, and disturbances to this community can have adverse impacts on animal health. To better understand the composition of gut microbiota in marine mammals, fecal bacterial communities of the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea), an endangered pinniped with localized distribution, were examined. A comparison of samples from individuals across 11 wild colonies in South and Western Australia and three Australian captive populations showed five dominant bacterial phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. The phylum Firmicutes was dominant in both wild (76.4% ؎ 4.73%) and captive animals (61.4% ؎ 10.8%), while Proteobacteria contributed more to captive (29.3% ؎ 11.5%) than to wild (10.6% ؎ 3.43%) fecal communities. Qualitative differences were observed between fecal communities from wild and captive animals based on principal-coordinate analysis. SIMPER (similarity percentage procedure) analyses indicated that operational taxonomic units (OTU) from the bacterial families Clostridiaceae and Ruminococcaceae were more abundant in wild than in captive animals and contributed most to the average dissimilarity between groups (SIMPER contributions of 19.1% and 10.9%, respectively). Differences in the biological environment, the foraging site fidelity, and anthropogenic impacts may provide various opportunities for unique microbial establishment in Australian sea lions. As anthropogenic disturbances to marine mammals are likely to increase, understanding the potential for such disturbances to impact microbial community compositions and subsequently affect animal health will be beneficial for management of these vulnerable species. IMPORTANCEThe Australian sea lion is an endangered species for which there is currently little information regarding disease and microbial ecology. In this work, we present an in-depth study of the fecal microbiota of a large number of Australian sea lions from geographically diverse wild and captive populations. Colony location and captivity were found to influence the gut microbial community compositions of these animals. Our findings significantly extend the baseline knowledge of marine mammal gut microbiome composition and variability. It is predicted that global change will have many major, but as yet unknown, impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Marine mammal species, including bottlenose dolphins, sea otters, manatees, and gray whales, have been proposed as sentinels for diverse threats to aquatic health, including disease transmission, changes in food webs, and contaminant levels (1-6). The key roles and contributions of microbes to mammalian host health are becoming increasingly recognized, yet remain largely unexplored for marine mammals (7). An understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic pressures on marine mammal microbial communities and of the potential cascade of impacts on marine health is necessary for full exploration of the roles a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Colony Location and Captivity Influence the Gut Microbial Community Composition of the Australian Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea)

Delport

Power

Harcourt

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…11. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of prophylactic treatment with antibiotics, within regulatory constraints The prophylactic application of antibiotics has been proposed and practiced but is not without controversy, in part as a result of increased incidence of pathogens resistant to antibiotics (e.g., [98,99] Plan, conduct and report on assessment of short-, medium-and long-term FIT effects As researchers using FITs, we have to consider any possible effects of devices or associated procedures on the data to be collected and on the study subjects [8-10, 13, 29, 95]. The former is an absolutely essential component of the scientific process.…”

Section: Validate Safe Designs For Fitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Best practice recommendations for the use of fully implanted telemetry devices in pinnipeds

et al. 2017

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Electronic telemetry devices have enabled many novel and important data collection and experimental opportunities for difficult to observe species. Externally attached devices have limited retention and may affect thermoregulation, energetics, social and reproductive behavior, visibility, predation risk and entanglement. Internally placed, surgically implanted devices can mitigate some of these effects and may open additional experimental opportunities. However, improper implementation can significantly affect animals and data. From a review of recent studies using fully implanted tags and studying their effects, we present 15 specific best practice recommendations for the use of such tags in pinnipeds. Recommendations address issues including device size, coating and sterilization, implantation surgery and effect assessment, within the framework of the Three R's: Reduction, Refinement, Replacement. While developed for pinnipeds, these recommendations could apply to other aquatic mammals and vertebrates and to partially implanted or even external tags.

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“…It is suggested that AMR occurs as a result of interactions between microbial agents, host organisms and the environment (Delport, Harcourt, Beaumont, Webster, & Power, 2015). The indiscriminate use of certain antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine has become a significant public health concern because it may select for resistant bacterial strains (Hiltunen, Virta, & Laine, 2017).…”

Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in endangered Okinawa rail (Gallirallus okinawae) inhabiting areas around a livestock farm

Ishibashi

Sumiyama

Kanazawa

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important issue for public, animal and environmental health. It has been suggested that livestock farms could be a source origin of AMR, and some wild animals that inhabit this area may play an important role in the spread of AMR in the natural environment. The prevalence of AMR in Escherichia coli was examined from Okinawa rails (Gallirallus okinawae), an endemic bird in Okinawa Main Island, Japan. Forty‐eight faecal samples of wild Okinawa rails were collected from around a livestock farm area (LA), near human settlements, in which a population of the Okinawa rail had newly inhabited for feeding, and a forest area (FA), their natural habitat. Among 16 E. coli‐positive faecal samples collected around LA, 11/16 (69%) showed antimicrobial resistance and five multiple drug resistance patterns were identified. However, among 15 E. coli‐positive faecal samples from FA, 3/15 (20%) showed antimicrobial resistance, and three multiple drug resistance patterns were identified. These results indicate that the endangered Okinawa rail may also play an important role as a potential vector for the spread of AMR in the natural environment. To maintain ecological health, it is imperative that in situ/ex situ conservation projects that include translocation plans for endangered species are aware of these data.

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MOLECULAR DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE DETERMINANTS INESCHERICHIA COLIISOLATED FROM THE ENDANGERED AUSTRALIAN SEA LION (NEOPHOCA CINEREA)

Cited by 31 publications

References 46 publications

Colony Location and Captivity Influence the Gut Microbial Community Composition of the Australian Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea)

Colony Location and Captivity Influence the Gut Microbial Community Composition of the Australian Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea)

Best practice recommendations for the use of fully implanted telemetry devices in pinnipeds

Prevalence of antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in endangered Okinawa rail (Gallirallus okinawae) inhabiting areas around a livestock farm

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