Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in eastern Poland

Teodorowski, Oliwier; Radzki, Radosław P.; Kalinowski, M.; Winiarczyk, S.; Bocanegra, Ignacio García; Winiarczyk, Dagmara; Adaszek, Łukasz

doi:10.26444/aaem/124902

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A. phagocytophilum has been reported in a wide range of animal species as well as in humans (Atif, 2016; Stuen et al., 2013); nevertheless, not all A. phagocytophilum strains are zoonotic since different variants adapted to particular geographical areas and hosts have been identified (Jahfari et al., 2014). Our results are consistent with previous investigations demonstrating that A. phagocytophilum is very prevalent in roe deer from different European countries (Atif, 2016; Teodorowski et al., 2020). Previous data from roe deer in Spain showed a high prevalence and variability of A. phagocytophilum strains, demonstrating that this wild ungulate is a reservoir for their own strains as well as some pathogenic A. phagocytophilum variants for humans and domestic animals (Remesar et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In this regard, wild cervids such as roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) and red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), together with other domestic ruminants, are considered the main reservoirs of A. ovis , showing prevalences usually higher than 50% using molecular methods (de la Fuente et al., 2008; García‐Pérez et al., 2016; Y. Q. Li, Yang, et al., 2015; Renneker et al., 2013). Similarly, A. phagocytophilum has been molecularly identified (6%–98%) in red deer, roe deer and fallow deer ( Dama dama ) (Hulínská et al., 2004; Hapunik et al., 2011; Overzier et al., 2013; Scharf et al., 2011; Teodorowski et al., 2020; Zeman & Pecha, 2008). A. bovis is a species less frequently found (4%–15%) in roe deer, white‐tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) , red deer or sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) (García‐Pérez et al., 2016; Jilintai et al., 2009; Kawahara et al., 2006; Y. Q. Li, Yang, et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity ofAnaplasmaspecies and importance of mixed infections in roe deer from Spain

Remesar

Prieto

García-Dios

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Although wildlife can act as reservoirs of some Anaplasma species, studies on the presence and distribution of Anaplasma spp. in wild cervids are mainly limited and focused on zoonotic species. In order to identify the Anaplasma species in roe deer from Spain and to detect co-infections, 224 spleen samples were tested for Anaplasma spp. using a commercial qPCR; positive samples were further characterized using generic 16S rRNA primers and species-specific primers targeting the msp2 and groEL genes.Anaplasma DNA was detected in the 50.9% of samples, and four Anaplasma species were identified. Anaplasma phagocytophilum (43.8%) was predominant, followed by Anaplasma bovis (13.8%), Anaplasma capra (5.8%) and Anaplasma ovis (2.2%). In addition, strains similar to Anaplasma platys were found in nine animals. Most positive roe deer (71.9%) were infected with a single Anaplasma species, whereas co-infections with two (19.3%) or three (8.8%) Anaplasma species were also found. This study confirms the widespread occurrence of Anaplasma spp. in roe deer from Spain, being the first report of A. platys-like strains and A. capra in this cervid; it is also the first report of A. capra in Spain. The detection of Anaplasma species pathogenic for humans and/or domestic animals in roe deer suggests that this cervid may play a role in the sylvatic cycle of these bacteria contributing to the appearance of clinical anaplasmosis cases. In addition, co-infections are common in roe deer revealing that Anaplasma species specific PCR assays are essential for a reliable identification as well as for determining their real prevalence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity ofAnaplasmaspecies and importance of mixed infections in roe deer from Spain

Remesar

Prieto

García-Dios

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…Outside Europe, A. phagocytophilum has been detected in deer from Japan, with a prevalence ranging from 15.6 to 75.4%; our results lie in the middle of this range [ 37 , 38 ]. However, in Poland, the prevalence is usually lower [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] or at a similar level [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, when carrying out this type of analysis with the use of peripheral tissue, based on the obtained results, it is suggested, if possible, to use a larger number and variety of samples than only one from one individual. In Poland the most frequently chosen material for this type of research was blood [39][40][41]44,47], although sometimes spleen tissue was used to detect A. phagocytophilum in Poland [42]. However, recent reports by Hornok et al (2018) [28] and Kazimirova et al (2018) [48] showed that more positive samples with Anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in wild cervids species came from spleen samples than from whole blood samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Wild and Farmed Cervids in Poland

et al. 2021

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Background: The role of cervids in the circulation of A. phagocytophilum has not yet been clearly determined; however, several species of wild and farm cervids may be a natural reservoir of this bacteria. Methods: Spleen and liver tissue samples were taken from 207 wild (red deer, roe deer, fallow deer and moose) and farmed cervids (red deer and fallow deer) from five geographical areas. These were tested for the A. phagocytophilum16S rDNA partial gene by nested PCR. Results: Anaplasma spp. were detected in 91 of 207 examined cervids (prevalence 43.9%). Three different variants of 16S rDNA partial gene were reported, one for the first time. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was more often detected in young specimens than in adults and more often in the spleen than in the liver. Conclusions: Cervids from the four sites across Poland were found to be major natural reservoirs of various strains of A. phagocytophilum. This is the first study to use spleen and liver as biological material to detect A. phagocytophilum in moose in Poland.

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“…Wild animals play a significant role in the prevalence and transmission of this pathogen. Scientific evidence has been accumulating on wildlife acting as a reservoir and an amplification “hub” of human or domestic animal diseases [ 13 , 14 ]. In Europe, cervids are suspected of being the main reservoir of A. phagocytophilum , with infection rates as high as up to 90% [ 2 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Wild Ungulates in North-Eastern Poland

et al. 2021

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This study was carried out in north-eastern Poland during two hunting seasons between 2018 and 2020. Ticks (Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus) were removed from wild cervids and boars and examined for the presence of Borrelia spirochetes and Rickettsiales members: Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The present study contributes to the knowledge of even-toed ungulates, which are an important reservoir of the above-mentioned pathogens and a potential source of infections for humans through ticks as vectors. Almost 40% of the collected ticks (191 out of 484) were infected with the following pathogens: 3.3% with Borrelia spp., 19.2% with A. phagocytophilum and 26.9% with Rickettsia spp. Only the ticks collected from cervids carried Borrelia. Typing of the species DNA confirmed the presence of B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. lusitaniae and B. miyamotoi. An analysis of Rickettsia spp. sequences using the GenBank data revealed the presence of R. helvetica, R. raoultii and R. monacensis. Monoinfections (79.1%) dominated over co-infections (20.9%). Among co-infections, the most frequent was A. phagocytophilum/Rickettsia spp. (70%), however co-infections, including B. afzelii/A. phagocytophilum, B. afzelii/Rickettsia spp., B. miyamotoi/A. phagocytophilum and B. afzelii/B. garinii/B. lusitaniae, were also noted. Significant differences were observed in the affinity of some pathogens to their vectors. Thus, Borrelia spp. and A. phagocytophilum were more frequently detected in I. ricinus (5.3% and 23.1%) than in D. reticulatus (1.2% and 15.3%). Infection frequency with Rickettsia spp. was similar (approximately 25–29%) in both tick species. The prevalence of A. phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in ticks removed from cervids was 19.8% and 27.1%, and in ticks from wild boars it was 13.3% and 24.4%, respectively.

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Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in eastern Poland

Abstract: detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in eastern Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med.

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Diversity ofAnaplasmaspecies and importance of mixed infections in roe deer from Spain

Diversity ofAnaplasmaspecies and importance of mixed infections in roe deer from Spain

Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Wild and Farmed Cervids in Poland

Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Wild Ungulates in North-Eastern Poland

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