Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Wild and Farmed Cervids in Poland

Abstract

Background: The role of cervids in the circulation of A. phagocytophilum has not yet been clearly determined; however, several species of wild and farm cervids may be a natural reservoir of this bacteria. Methods: Spleen and liver tissue samples were taken from 207 wild (red deer, roe deer, fallow deer and moose) and farmed cervids (red deer and fallow deer) from five geographical areas. These were tested for the A. phagocytophilum16S rDNA partial gene by nested PCR. Results: Anaplasma spp. were detected in 91 of 207 examined cervids (prevalence 43.9%). Three different variants of 16S rDNA partial gene were reported, one for the first time. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was more often detected in young specimens than in adults and more often in the spleen than in the liver. Conclusions: Cervids from the four sites across Poland were found to be major natural reservoirs of various strains of A. phagocytophilum. This is the first study to use spleen and liver as biological material to detect A. phagocytophilum in moose in Poland.

The Agreement between Feline Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity and DGGR-Lipase Assay in Cats—Preliminary Results

“…The AC 1 coefficient has been shown to be free from these paradoxes [ 18 , 19 ] and is therefore superior to Cohen’s κ coefficient [ 31 ]. However, despite the existence of strong analytical evidence against using Cohen’s κ [ 32 , 33 ], it holds firmly while the AC 1 coefficient has so far only been used in a few veterinary studies [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Association between Increased the De Ritis Quotient and Renal Azotaemia in Canine Babesiosis

“…In dogs included in this research, the infection was confirmed by a PCR method described in detail in a previous study [ 14 ]. Moreover, absence of infection by Anaplasma phagocytophilum (the cause of the second most prevalent tick-borne infection in dogs and various other mammals in Poland) was confirmed using a previously described PCR method [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Exclusion criteria were as follows: other known disease before infection or diagnosed co-infection with A. phagocytophilum .…”

Molecular identification of Trypanosoma theileri complex in Eurasian moose Alces alces (L.)

“…Cervids are an zoonotically important group of mammals, serving as the animal reservoir for many pathogens known to cause the transmission diseases to humans and domestic animals ( Karbowiak et al, 2015 ; Myczka et al, 2021 ). Unlike the well-described red deer and roe deer, the role of the moose remains undetermined.…”

“…As heat-sensitive ungulates, moose might be especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change ( Borowik et al, 2020 ) and thus the growing pressure of vector-borne pathogens. Several studies indicate that moose act as hosts of Babesia piroplasms and Anaplasma phagocytophilum ( Stuen et al, 2002 ; Karbowiak et al, 2015 ; Pūraitė et al, 2016 ; Myczka et al, 2021 ); they are also subject to infestation by bloodsucking arthropods able to transmit the pathogens, such as the tick Dermacentor reticulatus ( Bogdaszewska, 2005 ; Karbowiak 2022 ) and the deer ked Lipoptena cervi ( Paakkonen et al, 2010 ). However, very little is known about Trypanosoma spp.…”