Molecular detection and prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Thailand

Sricharern, Wanat; Inpankaew, Tawin; Keawmongkol, Sarawan; Supanam, Juthamas; Stich, Roger W.; Jittapalapong, Sathaporn

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.004

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Average infection rate in this study was 8.3% (25/ 302), which was lower than a previous study in captive NHPs from seven zoos (18.6%, 92/496) (Shijiazhuang Zoo, Wuhan Zoo, Taiyuan Zoo, Changsha Wild Animal Zoo, Beijing Zoo, Shanghai Zoo and Shanghai Wild Animal Zoo) and also lower than our previous study from three zoos (17.7%, 15/85) in southwestern China (Guiyang Zoo, Bifengxia Zoo and Chengdu Zoo) [8,15]. Compared with other countries, the average infection rate in this study was closed to that in Thailand (7.0%, 14/200) [9] and Uganda (11.1%, 9/81) [10], but lower than that in North-West India (31.2%, 53/170) [11]. The differences of infection rates in NHPs may be related to animal health status, detection methods, or geo-ecological conditions [2,8,15,16,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…To date, there have been numerous studies about the Giardia duodenalis infection for nonhuman primates in the world, such as in Thailand (7.0%, 14/200) [9], Uganda (11.1%, 9/81) [10], India (31.2%, 53/170) [11], Netherlands/Belgium (61.6%, 159/258) [12], Italy (50.0%, 5/ 10) [13] and Spain (70.0%, 14/20) [14]. In China, Giardia duodenalis infection rates in ten zoos are reported between 0% to 44.0%, including Changsha Wild Animal Zoo (44.0%, 33/75), Guiyang Zoo (30.0%, 15/50), Beijing Zoo (22.2%, 16/72), Shanghai Wild Animal Zoo (20.9%, 14/ 67), Taiyuan Zoo (13.6%, 9/66), Wuhan Zoo (7.6%, 5/66), Shijiazhuang Zoo (11.2%, 10/89), Shanghai Zoo (8.2%, 5/61), Bifengxia Zoo (0%, 0/24) and Chengdu Zoo (0%, 0/11) [8,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, Giardia duodenalis infection rates in ten zoos are reported between 0% to 44.0%, including Changsha Wild Animal Zoo (44.0%, 33/75), Guiyang Zoo (30.0%, 15/50), Beijing Zoo (22.2%, 16/72), Shanghai Wild Animal Zoo (20.9%, 14/ 67), Taiyuan Zoo (13.6%, 9/66), Wuhan Zoo (7.6%, 5/66), Shijiazhuang Zoo (11.2%, 10/89), Shanghai Zoo (8.2%, 5/61), Bifengxia Zoo (0%, 0/24) and Chengdu Zoo (0%, 0/11) [8,15]. Giardia duodenalis has at least eight assemblages (A-H), only assemblages A, B, and E have been detected in NHPs, with assemblage B dominating [8][9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Assemblages A and B, which are consider potentially zoonotic, were reported in NHPs from zoos [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], thus, NHPs may play a role in the transmission of G. duodenalis to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China

Zhang

Wang²,

Lan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Giardia duodenalis is a common enteric protozoan that infects a range of hosts including humans and other mammals. Multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis in captive non-human primates (NHPs) from zoos in China is limited. In this study, we evaluated 302 NHP fecal samples collected from 32 different NHP species. The primates were from 12 zoos distributed across eight provinces and two municipalities (Chongqing and Beijing) of China. The overall infection rate was 8.3% (25/302). The six G. duodenalis-positive zoos and their infection rates were: Suzhou Zoo (40.0%, 4/10), Yangzhou Zoo (22.2%, 2/9), Dalian Zoo (16.7%, 4/24), Chengdu Zoo (12.8%, 6/47), Guiyang Forest Wildlife Zoo (12.1%, 7/58), and Changsha Zoo (4.7%, 2/43). Molecular analysis of three loci, beta-giardin (bg), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), showed high genetic heterogeneity, and seven novel subtypes (BIII-1, MB10-1, WB8-1, B14-1, MB9-1, DN7-1, and BIV-1) were detected within assemblage B. Additional analysis revealed 12 different assemblage B multilocus genotypes (MLGs), one known MLG and 11 novel MLGs. Based on phylogenetic analysis, 12 assemblage B MLGs formed two main clades, MLG-SW (10-12, 18) and MLG-SW (13, 14, 16, 17), the other four MLG-SW (15, 19, 20, 21) were scattered throughout the phylogenetic tree in this study. Using multilocus genotyping, this study expands our understanding of the occurrence of Giardia infection and genetic variation in Giardia in captive non-human primates from zoos in China.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China

Zhang

Wang²,

Lan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…monkey genotype. Although this prevalence is low in monkeys in Thailand, it portends risks of human infection because of frequent human contacts and the low number of oocysts require for human infection [132].…”

Section: Thailandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis: a global, emerging, neglected zoonosis

Bamaiyi

Redhuan

2016

Asian Biomedicine

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Background: Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the important parasitic diarrheal agent Cryptosporidium spp. Cryptosporidiosis occurs in all classes of animals and man with a rapidly expanding host range and increased importance since the occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in man. Objectives: To review the global picture of cryptosporidiosis in man and animals with emphasis on prevalence and risk factors. Methods: Current relevant literature on cryptosporidiosis was reviewed. Results: Cryptosporidiosis is widely distributed and the risk factors vary from one region to another with hygiene and immune status as important risk factors. Conclusions: Cryptosporidium spp. associated mortality has not only been reported in immune-compromised patients, but also in immune-competent patients. Yet in many countries not much attention is paid to the control and prevention of this infection in animals and man. The neglect of this disease despite the serious threat it poses to animals, their husbandry, and humans, has led the World Health Organization to list it among globally neglected diseases. To control and prevent this infection more effort needs to be directed at controlling the risk factors of the infection in man and animals.

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“…At the same time, growing contact between people and non-human primates (hereafter referred to as ‘primates’) calls for improved understanding of the risks of zoonotic pathogen transmission in shared habitats (e.g. [13–18]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasite infections and self-medication in wild chimpanzees surviving in degraded forest fragments within an agricultural landscape mosaic in Uganda

et al. 2017

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Monitoring health in wild great apes is integral to their conservation and is especially important where they share habitats with humans, given the potential for zoonotic pathogen exchange. We studied the intestinal parasites of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) inhabiting degraded forest fragments amid farmland and villages in Bulindi, Uganda. We first identified protozoan and helminth parasites infecting this population. Sixteen taxa were demonstrated microscopically (9 protozoa, 5 nematodes, 1 cestode, and 1 trematode). DNA sequence analysis enabled more precise identification of larval nematodes (e.g. Oesophagostomum stephanostomum, O. bifurcum, Strongyloides fuelleborni, Necator sp. Type II) and tapeworm proglottids (genus Bertiella). To better understand the ecology of infections, we used multidimensional scaling analysis to reveal general patterns of association among parasites, climate, and whole leaf swallowing–a prevalent self-medicative behaviour at Bulindi linked to control of nodular worms (Oesophagostomum spp.). Prevalence of parasites varied with climate in diverse ways. For example, Oesophagostomum sp. was detected in faeces at higher frequencies with increasing rainfall but was most clearly associated with periods of low temperature. Certain parasites occurred together within chimpanzee hosts more or less frequently than expected by chance. For example, the commensal ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti was negatively associated with Balantidium coli and Oesophagostomum sp., possibly because the latter taxa make the large intestine less suitable for T. abrassarti. Whole leaves in faeces showed independent associations with the prevalence of Oesophagostomum sp., Strongyloides sp., and hookworm by microscopic examination, and with egestion of adult O. stephanostomum by macroscopic inspection. All parasites identified to species or genus have been reported in wild chimpanzees inhabiting less-disturbed environments than Bulindi. Nevertheless, several disease-causing taxa infecting these chimpanzees are potentially transmissible between apes and humans (e.g. rhabditoid and strongyle nematodes), underscoring the importance of identifying and reducing risks of pathogen exchange in shared landscapes.

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Molecular detection and prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Thailand

Cited by 37 publications

References 59 publications

Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China

Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China

Prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis: a global, emerging, neglected zoonosis

Gastrointestinal parasite infections and self-medication in wild chimpanzees surviving in degraded forest fragments within an agricultural landscape mosaic in Uganda

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