Molecular detection and characterization of human enteroviruses in Korean surface water

Abstract

In this study, the genetic epidemiology of enteroviruses (EVs) in Korean surface water was evaluated by conducting phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of the 5' non-coding region (5' NCR), which was determined by RT-PCR analysis of total culturable virus assay-positive samples. The results showed that the nucleotide sequences of the EVs could be classified into 4 genetic clusters, and that the predominant presence of Korea EVs were very similar to echoviruses type 30. Interestingly, two nucleotide sequences were very similar to those of coxsackievirus type B1 isolated from aseptic meningitis patients in Seoul, Korea, implying the possibility of a common source for the viruses circulated in water systems and humans. In addition, 3 nucleotide sequences clustered strongly with the nucleotide sequences from China or Japan, and one fell into the same cluster as echovirus type 11 from Taiwan, which suggests that EVs in Asia may have evolved in a region-specific manner. Taken together, the results of this study revealed that EVs from Korea surface waters could be genetically classified as coxsackieviruses or echoviruses, and that they evolved in Asia in a region-specific manner.

Incidence and molecular characterization of hepatitis A viruses in Korean surface water between 2007 and 2010

“…genotype IA HAVs isolated from Korean patients. These findings are concordant with previous reports that enteroviruses found in patients are also present in water environments (26,57), and suggest transmission of HAVs from patients to water environments in Korea. Lee et al (18) and Yun et al (28) have reported several amino acid substitutions in the VP3/VP1 junction region of HAVs detected in Korea.…”

“…The genetic sequences of the genotype IA HAVs detected in this study clustered closely with those of genotype IA HAVs isolated from Korean patients. These findings are concordant with previous reports that enteroviruses found in patients are also present in water environments , and suggest transmission of HAVs from patients to water environments in Korea.…”

A 5‐year survey (2007–2011) of enteric viruses in Korean aquatic environments and the use of coliforms as viral indicators

“…The first cultures were thawed and filtered with 0.22 µm sterilizing filters. The filtered cultures (1 mL) were inoculated and cultured for 14 days, as previously described (18,19). Samples that exhibited CPE in both the first and second cultures were considered c 2012 The Societies and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd EV-positive.…”

Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Noroviruses in Korean Surface Water Between 2007 and 2010

“…Lee and Lee [12] demonstrated that the prevalence and density of enteroviruses were low in most water sources. However, in groundwater, it was demonstrated that the NoV occurrence was 21.7% in the summer and 17.3% in the winter [17].…”

“…1). The viruses were sampled and concentrated following the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines [23], as previously described [12]. In brief, 200 L of raw water was collected in a device that included a flow meter, a pressure gauge, a cartridge containing a 1MDS positively charged filter (CUNO, Meriden, CT, USA), and tubing.…”