Molecular cloning of a plant betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme implicated in adaptation to salinity and drought.

Weretilnyk, Elizabeth A.; Hanson, Andrew D.

doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2745

Cited by 221 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily comprises seven enzymes of bacterial and plant origin with known involvement in the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from its precursor glycine betaine aldehyde. These are the BetB proteins from E. coli (13) and Rhizobium meliloti (41) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenases from plants (Spinacia oleracea, Beta vulgaris, Atriplex hortensis, Sorghum bicolor, and Hordeum vulgare) involved in the cellular adaptation to salinity and drought (24,36,53,56,57). The B. subtilis enzyme exhibits 39% sequence identity to the BetB proteins from E. coli and R. meliloti.…”

Section: Vol 178 1996 Glycine Betaine Synthesis In B Subtilis 5123mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Arthrobacter pascens, Arthrobacter globiformis, and an Alcaligenes sp., a bifunctional soluble choline oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of choline and glycine betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine with the concomitant consumption of oxygen and the production of hydrogen peroxide has been found (23,40,47). In plants, glycine betaine synthesis occurs primarily in the chloroplasts and involves a soluble choline monooxygenase in combination with a soluble betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (6,36,53). In a number of microorganisms and mammals, a membrane-bound choline dehydrogenase (which also can oxidize glycine betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine) and a soluble glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase with a high substrate specificity are used for the synthesis of glycine betaine (33,38,46).…”

Section: Vol 178 1996 Glycine Betaine Synthesis In B Subtilis 5127mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the gbsAB genes

et al. 1996

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Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from the exogenously provided precursor choline or glycine betaine aldehyde confers considerable osmotic stress tolerance to Bacillus subtilis in high-osmolarity media. Using an Escherichia coli mutant (betBA) defective in the glycine betaine synthesis enzymes, we cloned by functional complementation the genes that are required for the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in B. subtilis. The DNA sequence of a 4.1-kb segment from the cloned chromosomal B. subtilis DNA was established, and two genes (gbsA and gbsB) whose products were essential for glycine betaine biosynthesis and osmoprotection were identified. The gbsA and gbsB genes are transcribed in the same direction, are separated by a short intergenic region, and are likely to form an operon. The deduced gbsA gene product exhibits strong sequence identity with members of a superfamily of specialized and nonspecialized aldehyde dehydrogenases. This superfamily comprises glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenases from bacteria and plants with known involvement in the cellular adaptation to high-osmolarity stress and drought. The deduced gbsB gene product shows significant similarity to the family of type III alcohol dehydrogenases. B. subtilis mutants with defects in the chromosomal gbsAB genes were constructed by marker replacement, and the growth properties of these mutant strains in high-osmolarity medium were analyzed. Deletion of the gbsAB genes destroyed the cholineglycine betaine synthesis pathway and abolished the ability of B. subtilis to deal effectively with high-osmolarity stress in choline-or glycine betaine aldehyde-containing medium. Uptake of radiolabelled choline was unaltered in the gbsAB mutant strain. The continued intracellular accumulation of choline or glycine betaine aldehyde in a strain lacking the glycine betaine-biosynthetic enzymes strongly interfered with the growth of B. subtilis, even in medium of moderate osmolarity. A single transcription initiation site for gbsAB was detected by high-resolution primer extension analysis. gbsAB transcription was initiated from a promoter with close homology to A -dependent promoters and was stimulated by the presence of choline in the growth medium.

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Section: Vol 178 1996 Glycine Betaine Synthesis In B Subtilis 5123mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vol 178 1996 Glycine Betaine Synthesis In B Subtilis 5127mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the gbsAB genes

et al. 1996

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“…Recombinant ALDH2a protein shows acetaldehyde oxidization activity in vitro, suggesting a function in plant tolerance under anaerobic conditions . Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenases (BADHs), members of the ALDH10 family, have been intensively studied for their well-documented potential against environmental stresses, such as salinity, drought and cold (Weretilnyk and Hanson 1990;McCue and Hanson 1992;Ishitani et al 1995;Wood et al 1996;Nakamura et al 1997). Generally, BADH transcription in higher plants is induced in response to osmotic stress and its defined role is to catalyze the second step reaction in a two-step oxidation of choline via an intermediate form of betaine aldehyde in the biosynthetic pathway of the osmolyte glycine betaine (Chen and Murata 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant improvement of stress tolerance in tobacco plants by overexpressing a stress-responsive aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from maize (Zea mays)

Huang

Wang

et al. 2008

Plant Mol Biol

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Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) play a central role in detoxification processes of aldehydes generated in plants when exposed to the stressed conditions. In order to identify genes required for the stresses responses in the grass crop Zea mays, an ALDH (ZmALDH22A1) gene was isolated and characterized. ZmALDH22A1 belongs to the family ALDH22 that is currently known only in plants. The ZmALDH22A1 encodes a protein of 593 amino acids that shares high identity with the orthologs from Saccharum officinarum (95%), Oryza sativa (89%), Triticum aestivum (87%) and Arabidopsis thaliana (77%), respectively. Real-time PCR analysis indicates that ZmALDH22A1 is expressed differentially in different tissues. Various elevated levels of ZmALDH22A1 expression have been detected when the seedling roots exposed to abiotic stresses including dehydration, high salinity and abscisic acid (ABA). Tomato stable transformation of construct expressing the ZmALDH22A1 signal peptide fused with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) driven by the CaMV35S-promoter reveals that the fusion protein is targeted to plastid. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing ZmALDH22A1 shows elevated stresses tolerance. Stresses tolerance in transgenic plants is accompanied by a reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) derived from cellular lipid peroxidation.

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“…CMO was assumed to be unique among plant oxygenases [6], [8]. The second step of GB synthesis is mediated by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) [1], which has been well documented in amaranth [2], [9] and other plants [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a choline monooxygenase cDNA clone from Amaranthus tricolor and its expressions under stress conditions

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2001

Cell Res

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Plants synthesize the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB) via choline betaine aldehyde glycine betaine [1]. Two enzymes are involved in the pathway, choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). A full length CMO cDNA (1,643bp) was cloned from Amaranthus tricolor. The open reading frame encoded a 442-amino acid polypeptide, which showed 69% identity with CMOs in Spinacia oleracea L. and Beta vulgaris L. DNA gel blot analysis indicated the presence of one copy of CMO gene in the A. tricolor genome. The expressions of CMO and BADH proteins in A.tricolor leaves significantly increased under salinization, drought and heat stress (42 o C), as determined by immunoblot analysis, but did not respond to cold stress (4 o C), or exogenous ABA application. The increase of GB content in leaves was parallel to CMO and BADH contents.

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Molecular cloning of a plant betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme implicated in adaptation to salinity and drought.

Cited by 221 publications

References 34 publications

Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the gbsAB genes

Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the gbsAB genes

Significant improvement of stress tolerance in tobacco plants by overexpressing a stress-responsive aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from maize (Zea mays)

Isolation of a choline monooxygenase cDNA clone from Amaranthus tricolor and its expressions under stress conditions

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