Isolation of a choline monooxygenase cDNA clone from Amaranthus tricolor and its expressions under stress conditions

Meng, Yunxiao; Ym, Wang; Zhang, B; Nii, Naosuke

doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290085

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…ABA plays a central role in the control of responses to stresses, such as salinity (Pons et al, 2013). However, our results and those of Meng et al (2001) indicate that transgenic plants overexpressing BADH exhibit enhanced tolerance to salt and drought treatments, but not to ABA. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited enhanced tolerance during NaCl treatment in this study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Cloning and characterization of a novel betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Suaeda corniculata

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Glycine betaine is an important quaternary ammonium compound that is produced in response to several abiotic stresses in many organisms. The synthesis of glycine betaine requires the catalysis of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), which can convert betaine aldehyde into glycine betaine in plants, especially in halotolerant plants. In this study, we isolated the full-length cDNA of BADH from Suaeda corniculata (ScBADH) using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Next, we analyzed the expression profile of ScBADH using real-time PCR. The results showed that ScBADH expression was induced in the roots, stems, and leaves of S. corniculata seedlings under salt and drought stress. Next, ScBADH was overexpressed in Arabidopsis, resulting in the transgenic plants exhibiting enhanced tolerance over wild-type plants under salt and drought stress. We then analyzed the levels of glycine betaine and proline, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, during salt stress in WT and transgenic Arabidopsis. The results indicated that overexpression of ScBADH produced more glycine betaine and proline, and increased SOD activity under NaCl treatment. Our results suggest that ScBADH might be a positive regulator in plants during the response to NaCl.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Cloning and characterization of a novel betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Suaeda corniculata

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…This is supported by our finding that the plant species in which one of the two isoenzymes is a high-BAL-affinity enzyme according to our criterion of possessing Ala or Cys in the position of Ala-441 of SoBADH, as well as other plants in which there have been found so far only one isoenzyme with Ala in this position, such as spinach and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), or with Cys, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum), have been reported as being GB accumulators, whereas those plants that only have low-BAL-affinity isoenzymes are reported as lacking the ability to accumulate GB (Supplemental Table S3). Moreover, a functional CMO has only been found in species of Amaranthaceae that have the high-BAL-affinity isoenzyme, such as amaranth Meng et al, 2001), orache (Atriplex hortensis; Shen et al, 2002), spinach , and sugar beet , whereas a nonfunctional gene was found in rice (Luo et al, 2007) and the recombinant CMO protein from Arabidopsis has no activity (Hibino et al, 2002). There are other CMO sequences deposited in GenBank, but it is not yet known whether the CMO proteins in these plants are functional or not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Residues Critical for the Specificity for Betaine Aldehyde of the Plant ALDH10 Isoenzyme Involved in the Synthesis of Glycine Betaine

et al. 2012

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Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase10 (ALDH10) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of v-primary or v-quaternary aminoaldehydes, but, intriguingly, only some of them, such as the spinach (Spinacia oleracea) betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (SoBADH), efficiently oxidize betaine aldehyde (BAL) forming the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB), which confers tolerance to osmotic stress. The crystal structure of SoBADH reported here shows tyrosine (Tyr)-160, tryptophan (Trp)-167, Trp-285, and Trp-456 in an arrangement suitable for cation-p interactions with the trimethylammonium group of BAL. Mutation of these residues to alanine (Ala) resulted in significant K m (BAL) increases and V max /K m (BAL) decreases, particularly in the Y160A mutant. Tyr-160 and Trp-456, strictly conserved in plant ALDH10s, form a pocket where the bulky trimethylammonium group binds. This space is reduced in ALDH10s with low BADH activity, because an isoleucine (Ile) pushes the Trp against the Tyr. Those with high BADH activity instead have Ala (Ala-441 in SoBADH) or cysteine, which allow enough room for binding of BAL. Accordingly, the mutation A441I decreased the V max /K m (BAL) of SoBADH approximately 200 times, while the mutation A441C had no effect. The kinetics with other v-aminoaldehydes were not affected in the A441I or A441C mutant, demonstrating that the existence of an Ile in the second sphere of interaction of the aldehyde is critical for discriminating against BAL in some plant ALDH10s. A survey of the known sequences indicates that plants have two ALDH10 isoenzymes: those known to be GB accumulators have a high-BAL-affinity isoenzyme with Ala or cysteine in this critical position, while non GB accumulators have low-BAL-affinity isoenzymes containing Ile. Therefore, BADH activity appears to restrict GB synthesis in non-GB-accumulator plants.

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“…The estimated molecular weights of 42.67 kDa and 42.54 kDa for monomers of AnCMO and AsCMO, respectively, are close to the experimentally determined values for other plants, e.g., spinach (42.8 kDa; Rathinasabapathi et al 1997), Amaranthus tricolor (>43 kDa; Meng et al 2001). However, the instability index of 40 or above predicts a protein to be unstable (Gasteiger et al 2005), hence these CMOs may not be monomeric.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Glycine betaine biosynthesis in saltbushes (Atriplex spp.) under salinity stress

2013

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Soil salinity and drought severely affect all aspects of plant physiology, leading to significant losses of crop productivity and native biodiversity. A key to sustainable land use in such areas is to cultivate well-adapted native plants that are also commercially important and have the appropriate gene pool. Glycine betaine (GB) is an osmoprotectant that imparts salt and drought tolerance to some plants. It is also shown separately to provide significant health benefits to animals and humans. We investigated whether Australian saltbushes, which are extremely salt and drought tolerant and also impart health benefits to grazing animals, may have the genetic basis for GB biosynthesis, explaining the two different observations. Complementary DNAs encoding the two key enzymes of the plant GB biosynthesis pathway, choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), were identified and analysed from Atriplex nummularia and Atriplex semibaccata. The sequences showed the putative CMO proteins exhibited all functionally important features including the Reiske-type cluster (2Fe-2S) and mononuclear non-heme Fe cluster, and the putative BADHs exhibited conservation of active site residues. The expression of both genes was found to be significantly up-regulated in leaf tissues under salt stress. The leaf tissues also showed accumulation of very high levels of GB, at 29.69 mmol/kg fresh weight for A. nummularia and 42.68 mmol/kg fresh weight for A. semibaccata, which is several times higher than in cereal crops. The results demonstrate a strong potential of cultivation of saltbushes for re-vegetation and as a perennial fodder in salinity and drought-affected areas.

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Isolation of a choline monooxygenase cDNA clone from Amaranthus tricolor and its expressions under stress conditions

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Cloning and characterization of a novel betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Suaeda corniculata

Cloning and characterization of a novel betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Suaeda corniculata

Amino Acid Residues Critical for the Specificity for Betaine Aldehyde of the Plant ALDH10 Isoenzyme Involved in the Synthesis of Glycine Betaine

Glycine betaine biosynthesis in saltbushes (Atriplex spp.) under salinity stress

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