“…With the progress in biotechnology and the development of next-generation sequencing technologies in the last decade, the studies on these important proteins made enormous progress in their isolation, structural, and functional characterization. Until now, the primary structure of hemocyanins have been described in several organisms belonging to suborders: Dendrobranchiata ( L. vannamei , L. monodon , M. japonicas , F. chinensis , F. merguiensis , M. magister , A. vulgare ) and Pleocyemata ( E. sinensis , A. moluccensis , C. sapidus , C. aestuarii , C. multidentata , C. quadricarinatus , P. carinicauda , P. interruptus , P. vulgaris , P. elephas , M. nipponense , M. rosenbergii , S. paramamosain , S. serrata , H. americanus , P. clarkii ) of order Decapoda; suborders Senticaudata ( G. roeselii ) and Corophiida ( C. scammon ) of order Amphypoda and suborders Limnoriidea ( L. quadripunctata ), Cymothoida ( E. pulchra ), Oniscidea ( P. scaber ), and Peracarida ( A. vulgare ) of order Isopoda, all belonging to subphylum Crustacea [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”