Trypsin polymorphism and modulation in Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931): a review

Abstract

The trypsin enzyme of white shrimp Penaeus vannamei is a polymorphic molecule, which longest isolated and sequenced cDNA encoded a pre-proenzyme of 255 amino acids. Three of the described sequences are translated in the digestive gland, and SDS-PAGE detects the isoforms. The three isoforms named C, B and A are distributed by an individual to originate three trypsin phenotypes (CBA, CB and CA) that have already been isolated and characterized by defining theirs biochemical and kinetical differences. The CBA phenotypes exerted higher hydrolytic capabilities than the others. The trypsin phenotypes are inherited in a Mendelian fashion, and external or internal factors do not modulate them. In commercial hatcheries in Sinaloa, México, the most abundant phenotype was CBA, followed by CB and CA. The following two hypotheses may explain this finding: phenotype CA is not chosen throughout the selection process of breeders because they do not fit the anatomical characteristics desired by professionals in aquaculture or it is possible that shrimps with the CA phenotype die during the early stages of development. Two experimental designs were developed trying to explain such hypotheses and, in both experiments, CA phenotype frequency declined to zero when shrimps reached around 5 g of body weight. So far, no evidence explains the mortality of juvenile shrimps with phenotype CA. Research is needed to explain why CA phenotypes disappeared, how the survival of this phenotype can be improved, and how to produce shrimps with the most hydrolytic capability in support of the shrimp aquaculture industry.

Different Protein Hydrolysates Can Be Used in the Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1934) Diet as a Partial Replacement for Fish Meal during the Grow-Out Phase

“…Among the most important digestive proteases is trypsin, which catalyzes the separation of peptide bonds on the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine and arginine [42]. In the present study, higher trypsin activity was observed in the diets containing fish meals, protein hydrolysate of chicken, and enzymatic hydrolysate of chicken feathers (p < 0.05).…”

IMMUNOSTIMULATORY EFFECTS OF ULVAN ON TRYPSIN-MEDIATED PROTEIN DIGESTION IN THE GUT OF PACIFIC WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…Digestive enzymes, such as trypsin, play a vital role in breaking down dietary proteins to acquire these nutrients. Trypsin, along with chymotrypsin, elastase, and thrombin, is crucial for protein digestion, particularly in crustaceans like penaeid shrimp (Aguiñaga-Cruz et al, 2019;Hernández et al, 2023). Trypsin, a serine protease found across various organisms, primarily cleaves peptide chains at the carboxyl side of lysine or arginine amino acids.…”

Efecto de la frecuencia de alimentación en la respuesta alimenticia del Camarón Blanco del Pacífico (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

“…Molina et al (2000) reportan una actividad específica de proteasa, amilasa y lipasa más alta con un pico máximo a las 14:00 h; su resultado concuerda con el experimento de alimentación mencionado anteriormente, donde Pontes y Arruda (2005) también observaron que el tiempo de exploración del sustrato fue más intenso en la fase luminosa con un pico a las 14:00 h. El objetivo de las enzimas digestivas es degradar el alimento ingerido y transformarlo en unidades absorbibles. La tripsina es una de las proteasas más importantes en los crustáceos (Aguiñaga-Cruz et al, 2019). La actividad de las endopeptidasas intestinales cambia durante la alimentación y los ciclos de ayuno se correlacionan con la cantidad de alimento en el intestino; la asignación de alimento debe cumplir condiciones específicas según la concentración de las enzimas digestivas y su patrón circadiano (Gilannejad et al, 2021).…”