Molecular cloning and functional analysis of squalene synthase (SS) in Panax notoginseng

Jiang, Dan; Rong, Qixian; Chen, Yijun; Yuan, Qingjun; Shen, Ye; Guo, Juan; Yang, Yirui; Zha, Liangping; Wu, Huixiao; Huang, Luqi; Liu, Chunsheng

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.070

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The reaction mixture contained 100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 10 mM farnesyl pyrophosphate triammonium salt (Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM DTT, 2% glycine, 3 mM NADPH, 20 μg crude enzyme, and the total volume was 1 mL. The reaction was performed at 32 °C for 10 h and then extracted with 200 µL hexane [ 37 ]. The analysis was performed on a GC-MS system (Agilent), which was equipped with a DB-5 column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 250 µm) and the carrier gas was helium (1.0 mL/ min).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Correlation between Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity of Seven Key Enzymes and Ginsenoside Content in Ginseng in Over Time in Ji’an, China

Yin

Zhang

Zhuang

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Panax ginseng is a traditional medicine. Fresh ginseng is one of the most important industries related to ginseng development, and fresh ginseng of varying ages has different medicinal properties. Previous research has not systematically reported the correlation between changes in key enzyme activity with changes in ginsenoside content in fresh ginseng over time. In this study, for the first time, we use ginseng samples of varying ages in Ji’an and systematically reported the changes in the activity of seven key enzymes (HMGR, FPS, SS, SE, DS, CYP450, and GT). We investigated the content of ginsenoside and gene expression of these key enzymes. Ginsenoside content was measured using HPLC. HPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS were combined to measure the enzyme activity of the key enzymes. Quantitative PCR was used in the investigation of gene expression. By analyzing the correlation between the enzyme activity and the transcription level of the key enzymes with ginsenoside content, we found that DS and GT enzyme activities are significantly correlated with the ginsenoside content in different ages of ginseng. Our findings might provide a new strategy to discriminate between ginseng of different years. Meanwhile, this research provides important information for the in-depth study of ginsenoside biosynthesis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Correlation between Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity of Seven Key Enzymes and Ginsenoside Content in Ginseng in Over Time in Ji’an, China

Yin

Zhang

Zhuang

et al. 2017

IJMS

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“…It catalyzes the condensation of two FPP molecules into squalene. SQS was characterized in a wide variety of plant species including Panax ginseng , Chlorophytum borivilianum (Kalra et al 2013), Ornithogalum caudatum , Panax notoginseng (Jiang et al 2017), Siraitia grosvenorii (Zhao et al 2017), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Rong et al 2016) and Magnolia officinalis .…”

Section: Enzymes Of Methylerythritol 4-phosphate (Mep) Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Upadhyay

Jeena

Shikha

et al. 2018

Planta

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Main conclusion Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its large-scale production.Saponin glycosides are the important class of plant secondary metabolites, which consists of either steroidal or terpenoidal backbone. Due to the existence of a wide range of medicinal properties, saponin glycosides are pharmacologically very important. This review is focused on important medicinal properties of steroidal saponin, its occurrence, and biosynthesis. In addition to this, some recently identified plants containing steroidal saponins in different parts were summarized. The high throughput transcriptome sequencing approach elaborates our understanding related to the secondary metabolic pathway and its regulation even in the absence of adequate genomic information of non-model plants. The aim of this review is to encapsulate the information related to applications of steroidal saponin and its biosynthetic enzymes specially P450s and UGTs that are involved at later stage modifications of saponin backbone. Lastly, we discussed the in vitro production of steroidal saponin as the plant-based production of saponin is time-consuming and yield a limited amount of saponins. A large amount of plant material has been used to increase the production of steroidal saponin by employing in vitro culture technique, which has received a lot of attention in past two decades and provides a way to conserve medicinal plants as well as to escape them for being endangered.

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“…These results indicate that SS is a key enzyme of ginsenoside biosynthesis and the yields of ginsenosides can be regulated by inhibiting SS gene expression. Jiang et al [ 24 ] cloned SS from P. notoginseng and investigated its recombinant expression and preliminary enzyme activity. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the deduced PnSS protein had a high identity of 98.07% with PgSS1 from P. ginseng .…”

Section: Squalene Synthasementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on the Studies of the Key Enzymes of Ginsenoside Biosynthesis

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Molecules

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As the main bioactive constituents of Panax species, ginsenosides possess a wide range of notable medicinal effects such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities. However, the increasing medical demand for ginsenosides cannot be met due to the limited resource of Panax species and the low contents of ginsenosides. In recent years, biotechnological approaches have been utilized to increase the production of ginsenosides by regulating the key enzymes of ginsenoside biosynthesis, while synthetic biology strategies have been adopted to produce ginsenosides by introducing these genes into yeast. This review summarizes the latest research progress on cloning and functional characterization of key genes dedicated to the production of ginsenosides, which not only lays the foundation for their application in plant engineering, but also provides the building blocks for the production of ginsenosides by synthetic biology.

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Molecular cloning and functional analysis of squalene synthase (SS) in Panax notoginseng

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

Study on the Correlation between Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity of Seven Key Enzymes and Ginsenoside Content in Ginseng in Over Time in Ji’an, China

Study on the Correlation between Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity of Seven Key Enzymes and Ginsenoside Content in Ginseng in Over Time in Ji’an, China

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Progress on the Studies of the Key Enzymes of Ginsenoside Biosynthesis

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