Molecular cloning and expression analysis of PDR1-like gene in ginseng subjected to salt and cold stresses or hormonal treatment

Identification and characterization of two ammonium transporter genes in flowering Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica campestris</i>)

“…The amplicons were ligated into the pBI121-GFP vector (kindly provided by Dr. Guibing Hu, South China Agricultural University, China), which harbours the CaMV 35S promoter and GFP, at the XbaI and SmaI sites, and the fusion constructs were transformed into onion epidermal cells by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens (EHA105; Weidi Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) infiltration method (Zhang et al 2013). After two days of incubation, the fluorescence levels of the fusion proteins were examined under a positive fluorescence microscope (Axio Imager D2; Zeiss, Dresden, Germany) under 480 nm excitation and 525 nm emission wavelengths.…”

Plant Pleiotropic Drug Resistance Transporters: Transport Mechanism, Gene Expression, and Function

“…The well‐identified PDRs showed that most of them were expressed in specific tissues, whereas there was only a limited number in all tissues. For example, Arabidopsis AtPDR2 , AtPDR6 , AtPDR9 , AtPDR13 (van den Brule and Smart ) and cucumber CsPDR8 (Migocka et al ) were expressed exclusively in roots, while PgPDR1 (Zhang et al ) was in roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of Panax ginseng . Expression of OsPDR8 , OsPDR17 , OsPDR20 (Moons ), and OsPDR9 (Moons ) were predominantly shown in roots and leaves of rice in response to organic acids such as malic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and dithiothreitol to adapt to the adverse environment.…”

“…In addition, taxol has been proposed as an antifungal compound in Taxus species (Wagner and Flores ). In our research, three PDR genes ( PgPDR1 , PgPDR2 , and PgPDR3 ) were isolated from P. ginseng , where PgPDR1 was regulated by SA and chilling (Zhang et al ), and PgPDR3 was induced by MeJA, and its expression was closely related to accumulate ginsenosides (Zhang et al ). The new findings show that PgPDR3 takes part in the export of ginsenosides from the cells (unpublished).…”

“…TMDs are poorly conserved, thus facilitate to transport a diverse variety of molecules across the phospholipid bilayer unidirectionally (Smart and Fleming 1996;Van Der Does and Tampe 2004;Rea 2007). Generally, ABC four domains display a forward domain architecture (TMD-NBD) 2 ( Figure 1A; Crouzet et al 2006), whereas PDR domains remain in a reverse orientation to form (NBD-TMD) 2 ( Figure 1B; Rea 2007;Zhang et al 2013b). Whichever the domain organization, the basic transport function of ABC transporters depends on ATP hydrolysis within the NBDs that ensures the energy to pump substrates across the membrane against a concentration gradient (Oldham et al 2008;Knöller and Murphy 2011).…”

Airborne signals from salt-stressedArabidopsisplants trigger salinity tolerance in neighboring plants

“…Conventional adaptive mechanisms include intraplant communication that activates and primes plant tolerance to environmental stresses, establishing systemic acquired resistance (SAR). 1,2,3 Intriguingly, plants have also developed inter-plant communication through volatile signals to share awareness of the environmental changes. 4,5,6 More than 100,000 chemicals are synthesized in plants, 7 and at least 1700 of which are released into the atmosphere in significant amounts.…”