Molecular cloning and comparative analysis of fibrinogen-related proteins from the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata and the hard tick Ixodes ricinus

Rego, Ryan O. M.; Hajdušek, Ondřej; Kovář, Vojtěch; Kopáček, Petr; Grubhoffer, Libor; Hypša, Václav

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.04.001

Cited by 46 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This protein is related to previously described lectins of soft and hard ticks, including Dorin M which was shown to be expressed in hemocytes and salivary glands of Ornithodoros moubata (Kovar et al, 2000;Rego et al, 2005;Rego et al, 2006). It may be possible also that this protein may have been co-opted to provide an antihemostatic or anti-inflammatory role during tick feeding.…”

Section: Possible Immune-related Polypeptidesmentioning

confidence: 63%

An insight into the sialome of the soft tick, Ornithodorus parkeri

Francischetti¹,

Mans²,

Meng

et al. 2008

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

103

104

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While hard ticks (Ixodidae) take several days to feed on their hosts, soft ticks (Argasidae) feed faster, usually taking less than one hour per meal. Saliva assists in the feeding process by providing a cocktail of anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodullatory compounds. Saliva of hard ticks has been shown to contain several families of genes each having multiple members, while those of soft ticks are relatively unexplored.Analysis of the salivary transcriptome of the soft tick Ornithodorus parkeri, the vector of the relapsing fever agent Borrelia parkeri, indicates that gene duplication events have led to a large expansion of the lipocalin family, as well as of several genes containing Kunitz domains indicative of serine protease inhibitors, and several other gene families also found in hard ticks. Novel protein families with sequence homology to insulin growth factor-binding protein (prostacyclin-stimulating factor), adrenomedulin, serum amyloid A protein precursor and similar to HIV envelope protein were also characterized for the first time in the salivary gland of a blood-sucking arthropod.The sialotranscriptome of O. parkeri confirms that gene duplication events are an important driving force in the creation of salivary cocktails of blood-feeding arthropods, as was observed with hard ticks and mosquitoes. Most of the genes coding for expanded families are homologous to those found in hard ticks, indicating a strong common evolutionary path between the two families. As happens to all genera of blood-sucking arthropods, several new proteins were also found, indicating the process of adaptation to blood feeding still continues to recent times.

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Section: Possible Immune-related Polypeptidesmentioning

confidence: 63%

An insight into the sialome of the soft tick, Ornithodorus parkeri

Francischetti¹,

Mans²,

Meng

et al. 2008

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

103

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Initial characterization of these FReDs indicated that they exhibited increased transcriptional expression patterns after stimulation with pathogens or pathogen-associated compounds [20][21][22][23][24][25] . By comparing the expression patterns of FReDs to the observed responses that occurred in each organism, researchers were able to hypothesize the possible functions 20 of FReDs and to design studies to address their roles in defense.…”

Section: Freds and The Invertebrate Defense Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Primary Role of Fibrinogen-Related Proteins in Invertebrates Is Defense, Not Coagulation

Hanington¹,

Zhang²

2010

J Innate Immun

172

125

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In vertebrates, the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin is an essential process that underlies the establishment of the supporting protein framework required for coagulation. In invertebrates, fibrinogen-domain-containing proteins play a role in the defense response generated against pathogens; however, they do not function in coagulation, suggesting that this role has been recently acquired. Molecules containing fibrinogen motifs have been identified in numerous invertebrate organisms, and most of these molecules known to date have been linked to defense. Moreover, recent genome projects of invertebrate animals have revealed surprisingly high numbers of fibrinogen-like loci in their genomes, suggesting important and perhaps diverse functions of fibrinogen-like proteins in invertebrates. The ancestral role of molecules containing fibrinogen-related domains (FReDs) with immunity is the focus of this review, with emphasis on specific FReDs called fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) identified from the schistosome-transmitting mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata. Herein, we outline the range of invertebrate organisms FREPs can be found in, and detail the roles these molecules play in defense and protection against infection.

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“…Subsequently, the lectin Dorin M was identified from the plasma of O. moubata and shown to have high hemagglutinating activity (Grubhoffer and Kovar, 1998;Kovar et al, 2000). Recently, Dorin M has been shown to be synthesized in the hemocytes and to be a fibrinogen-related lectin indicating it may function as a non-self recognizing molecule and may also function in pathogen transmission by this vector (Rego et al, 2005(Rego et al, , 2006. Kamwendo et al (1993) described the presence of lectins in the gut and salivary glands of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.…”

Section: Hemagglutinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded hemolymph lectins function as recognition molecules in the immune system of I. ricinus but they also proposed that lectin activity may be involved in the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi. Recently, Rego et al (2005) cloned two fibrinogen-related proteins, Ixoderin A and B, that showed significantly high homology to the lectin Dorin M and were primarily expressed in the hemocytes and salivary glands. Lectins appear to be an essential part of non-self recognition, hemagglutination and possibly the transmission of pathogens in both soft and hard ticks.…”

Section: Hemagglutinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity in Ticks: A review

Taylor

2006

J. Acarol. Soc. Jpn.

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Ticks transmit more different kinds of pathogenic organisms than any other hematophagous arthropod. This paper attempts to review the literature available on the cell-mediated and humoral responses of ticks. The cell-mediated defense responses by invertebrates are simpler than vertebrates, but are effective as a second line of defense against invasion by microorganisms. Hemocytes play a major role in this immune response through phagocytosis, nodule formation and encapsulation of invading foreign materials. These mechanisms appear to function in both soft and hard ticks. Humoral immune responses consist of three main types; humoral encapsulation, hemagglutination and production of antimicrobial proteins. Humoral encapsulation is elicited by the prophenoloxidase activating system and has only been shown to function in the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. However, recent studies show the hard ticks also have prophenoloxidase activating cofactors indicating humoral encapsulation also functions in these ticks. Tick lectins function in hemagglutination of various microorganisms in both soft and hard ticks and also appear to function as recognition molecules of nonself and possibly in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. Ticks also have numerous antimicrobial proteins that can attack the invading microorganisms. Lysozymes have been shown to have bactericidal effects in several tick species and work in concert with other antimicrobial peptides to kill invaders. Cystatins, classic cysteine protease inhibitors, have recently been shown to function in innate immune responses of ticks. Hemoglobin fragments have antimicrobial activity in the midgut of ticks. Defensins show expression up-regulated by blood feeding and are effective antimicrobial agents with some differences between soft and hard ticks. Other novel antimicrobial peptides have been isolated from various species of soft and hard ticks, but their functions remain to be elucidated. Understanding these innate immune mechanisms in ticks is essential to develop strategies for reducing the transmission of diseases to man and animals.

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Molecular cloning and comparative analysis of fibrinogen-related proteins from the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata and the hard tick Ixodes ricinus

Cited by 46 publications

References 46 publications

An insight into the sialome of the soft tick, Ornithodorus parkeri

An insight into the sialome of the soft tick, Ornithodorus parkeri

The Primary Role of Fibrinogen-Related Proteins in Invertebrates Is Defense, Not Coagulation

Innate Immunity in Ticks: A review

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