“…HDR, like DXS, is often encoded in plant genomes as multiple copies (Kim et al , 2008; Kim et al , 2009; Grassi et al , 2013; Kang et al , 2013), while the five intervening enzymes are encoded by singleton genes with few exceptions (Seetang-Nun et al , 2008). Gene duplications leading to multiple copies of a gene may arise through several unrelated mechanisms, including retroposition, unequal crossing over, segmental or chromosomal duplications, and polyploidy (Zhang, 2003; Shoemaker et al , 2006).…”