Molecular characterization, spread 
and evolution of multidrug resistance 
in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Typhimurium DT104

Cloeckaert, Axel; Schwarz, Štefan

doi:10.1051/vetres:2001126

Cited by 111 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The two identified strains DT 104 and DT 104b did not yield the typical ACSSuT MDR pattern as that has been previously reported in many countries (Glynn et al 1998, Cloeckaert & Schwarz 2001 (Table III). The DT 104b and U302 expressed, in addition to this pentaresistance profile, resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Table III), which may be encoded by a non-conjugative plasmid of approximately 4.6 MDa which also encodes resistance to sulfonamides, as reported by Cloeckaert and Schwarz (2001). The data described above, agreed with the findings reported by other authors (Van Duijkeren et al 2003, Gorman & Adley 2004.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Antimicrobial susceptibility, phage types, and pulsetypes of Salmonella Typhimurium, in São Paulo, Brazil

Ghilardi

Tavechio

Fernandes

2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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A total of 283 Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from cases of human infections and non human sources, were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and the incidence of resistance was 38% and multiple resistance (to three or more antimicrobials) was 15%. All 43 multidrug-resistant strains (MDR) and 13 susceptible ones were characterized by phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The strains encompassed 14 definitive phage types (DT), three were untypable (UT), and 18 atypicals or reaction does not conform (RDNC), which belonged to 21 PFGE patterns, A1-A21. The predominant phage types were DT49, DT193, and RDNC and two strains belonging to DT 104 and 104b were also identified. The most commum PFGE patterns were A1 and A8. Analysis by PFGE and phage typing demonstrated that the most of the MDR were multiclonal and association among multiresistance, phage typing, and PFGE patterns was not so significant. Key words: Salmonella Typhimurium -phage types -multidrug-resistantSalmonella is one of the most important causal agents of foodborne illness. It can be isolated from a variety of foodstuff such as raw meats, poultry and poultry products, milk and milk products (Gorman & Adley 2004). The zoonotic nature of Salmonella infections is well established and the observed increase in human cases has been associated with high levels of infections in animal husbandry, mainly in pigs and poultry (Seyfarth et al. 1997).The Salmonella genus comprises more than 2500 serotypes (Popoff 2001), most of which are considered potential human pathogens, but only a reduced number of them have been associated with human infections (Uzzau et al. 2000). In developed countries, outbreaks of nontyphoidal Salmonella infections have been caused mainly by serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium (Seyfarth et al. 1997, Davis et al. 1999, Kariuky et al. 1999.S. Typhimurium is a common cause of human salmonellosis in many countries , Leegaard et al. 2000, Esaki et al. 2004, Martinez-Urtaza et al. 2004, Gorman & Adley 2004. It represents the most common serotype isolated from humans and animals in the United States (Bender et al. 2001, Rabatsky et al. 2004) and the second in the United Kingdom (Martinez-Urtaza et al. 2004).Studies reported in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, have also indicated that S. Typhimurium is the second most common serotype isolated from human sources (Tavechio et al.1996) and one of the most frequent from non-human sources (Taunay et al. 1996). The extensive use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine has led to an increase in multidrug resistance strains (MDR) (Threfall et al. 1993, Glynn et al. 1998, Davis et al. 1999, Rabatsky et al. 2004. Fernandes et al. (1992) of S. Typhimurium strains isolated from humans presented high levels of resistance to antimicrobial agents (5-14 marks) and most were isolated in hospital environments, which have been considered the principal vehicle of epidemic MDR S. Typhimurium strains (Riley et al. 1984, Fernandes et al. 1992, Asensi et al. 1995, Kariuky...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Antimicrobial susceptibility, phage types, and pulsetypes of Salmonella Typhimurium, in São Paulo, Brazil

Ghilardi

Tavechio

Fernandes

2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…The core resistance genes in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 are chromosomally encoded in a tight cluster as part of Salmonella genomic island I (43 kb), which is well within the size that a bacteriophage could package and transduce [23,72].…”

Section: Transduction Of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Into/from Pure Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Impact of Environmental Bacteriophages in Spreading Antibiotic Resistance Genes

2013

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The idea that bacteriophage transduction plays a role in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes is gaining momentum. Such transduction might be vital in horizontal transfer from environmental to human body–associated biomes and here we review many lines of evidence supporting this notion. It is well accepted that bacteriophages are the most abundant entities in most environments, where they have been shown to be quite persistent. This fact, together with the ability of many phages to infect bacteria belonging to different taxa, makes them suitable vehicles for gene transfer. Metagenomic studies confirm that substantial percentages of the bacteriophage particles present in most environments contain bacterial genes, including mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes. When specific genes of resistance to antibiotics are detected by real-time PCR in the bacteriophage populations of different environments, only tenfold lower numbers of these genes are observed, compared with those found in the corresponding bacterial populations. In addition, the antibiotic resistance genes from these bacteriophages are functional and generate resistance to the bacteria when these genes are transfected. Finally, reports about the transduction of antibiotic resistance genes are on the increase.

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“…Multiple-antibiotic resistant S. Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104 emerged during the last decade as a global health problem because of its involvement in diseases in animals and humans [31,125,141]. Multiple-antibiotic resistant strains of this phage type were first detected in the United Kingdom in cattle and humans in the late 1980s, but have since become common in other animal species such as poultry, pigs and sheep.…”

Section: Emergence Of Multiple-antibiotic Resistant S Typhimurium Dt104mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Salmonella epidemics: The problems related to Salmonella enterica serotyp Enteritidis and multiple antibiotic resistance in other major serotypes

Cloeckaert²,

2005

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-Two major changes in the epidemiology of salmonellosis occurred in the second half of the 20th century: the emergence of food-borne human infections caused by S. Enteritidis and by multiple-antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella. This review updates information on the S. Enteritidis pandemic and focuses on the emergence of Salmonella, carrying the SGI1 antibiotic resistance gene cluster, resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, or resistant to fluoroquinolones. The factors responsible for the emergence of these Salmonella strains could be either of human origin or related to bacterial genome evolution. However, our increasing understanding of the molecular fluidity of the genome shows that any attempt to counteract bacteria results in further bacterial evolution or adaptation of other bacteria to take place in the new free ecological niche. In these conditions, we can ask who is faster: humans who want to eliminate bacterial pathogens or bacteria that continuously evolve to gain new niches.

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Molecular characterization, spread and evolution of multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104

Cited by 111 publications

References 56 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility, phage types, and pulsetypes of Salmonella Typhimurium, in São Paulo, Brazil

Antimicrobial susceptibility, phage types, and pulsetypes of Salmonella Typhimurium, in São Paulo, Brazil

Potential Impact of Environmental Bacteriophages in Spreading Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Emergence of Salmonella epidemics: The problems related to Salmonella enterica serotyp Enteritidis and multiple antibiotic resistance in other major serotypes

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