Molecular characterization of zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis pathogens in Algerian sheep

Sahraoui, Lynda; Thomas, Myriam; Chevillot, Aurélie; Mammeri, Mohamed; Polack, Bruno; Vallée, Isabelle; Follet, Jérôme; Ain-Baaziz, Hacina; Adjou, Karim

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100280

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Genomic DNA was extracted using a QIAmp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, France) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, the samples were suspended in lysis buffer, and the oocysts were ruptured by subjecting them to an additional initial step of 10 freeze-thaw cycles (freezing in liquid nitrogen for 1 min and heating in water bath at 90 • C for 1 min) (Sahraoui et al, 2019) before DNA extraction. The DNA was stored at −20 • C until its use in the molecular analysis.…”

Section: Parasite Load Quantification By Ifa and Qpcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Depletes Butyrate Producer Bacteria in Goat Kid Microbiome

et al. 2020

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Cryptosporidium parvum is an important apicomplexan parasite infecting ruminants and humans. We characterized the impact of C. parvum infection on the goat kid microbiome. C. parvum was orally administered to parasite-naïve goats, and infection was monitored for 26 days in fecal samples using immunofluorescence assay and qPCR tests. Age-matched goats served as uninfected controls. A reduction in body weight gain, diarrhea, and dehydration were observed in infected goats compared to the uninfected controls. Infection decreased the bacterial diversity 5 days post-infection (dpi), but this parameter recovered at 15 dpi. The infection altered the relative abundance of several taxa. A total of 38 taxa displayed significant differences in abundance between control and infected goats at both 5 and 15 dpi. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the infection resulted in a differential pattern of taxa interactions and that C. parvum infection increased the relative abundance of specific taxa. The 16S data set was used for metagenome predictions using the software package PICRUSt2. As many as 34 and 40 MetaCyc pathways (from 387 total) were significantly affected by the infection at 5 and 15 dpi, respectively. Notably, C. parvum decreased the abundance of butyrate-producing pathways in bacteria. Low levels of butyrate may increase mucosal inflammation and tissue repair. Our results suggest that the gut inflammation induced by C. parvum infection is associated with the reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria. This insight could be the basis for the development of novel control strategies to improve animal health.

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Section: Parasite Load Quantification By Ifa and Qpcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Depletes Butyrate Producer Bacteria in Goat Kid Microbiome

et al. 2020

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“…The IId family is generally considered as sheep and goat subtype, even if it has already been identified in human [50,51]. Subtype IIdA16G1 (n=4/15) identified in this study was recently reported in Algerian sheep [52]. Subtype IIdA19G1 (n=4) was also detected, which previously had been reported in goats in Spain [53], in both HIV-positive patients and pre-weaned dairy cattle in China [54,55] but had never been reported in goats or other animals in Algeria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

First time genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. isolates from diarrheic stools of Algerian HIV-Infected subjects supports predominant zoonotic transmission routes

Semmani¹,

Costa

Achour³

et al. 2020

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Background Cryptosporidium is a significant cause of chronic diarrhoea and death in HIV-infected patients. Although HIV-infected patients under HAART have currently reduced risk of suffering from opportunistic infections, opportunistic gastrointestinal infections such as cryptosporidiosis still occur. Currently, there are no data on genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium isolates from cryptosporidiosis patients in Algeria. This study was aimed at identifying Cryptosporidium species and subtype families prevalent in Algerian HIV-infected patients and contributing to the molecular epidemiology mapping of Cryptosporidium in the MENA region. Methods From 2016 to 2018, 350 faecal specimens were obtained from patients with an HIV/AIDS positive status associated with diarrhoea attending inpatient (hospitalisation) and outpatient care units of El Hadi Flici (ex El- Kettar) hospital, Alger city, Algeria, and screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium using microscopy. Positive samples were submitted to the "Centre National de Reference-Laboratoire Expert- Cryptosporidioses", Rouen University Hospital, France, for molecular analysis (species, genotype) by DNA sequencing of the SSU18S rRNA and Gp60 genes, respectively. Results Out of 350 samples, 33 (9.4%) were microscopically positive for Cryptosporidium spp. of which 22 isolates were successfully amplified at the 18S rRNA and gp60 loci. Based on sequence analysis: 15 isolates were identified as C. parvum with family subtypes IIa-7, and IId-8, while 5 were identified as C. hominis (family subtypes Ia-2 and Ib-3) and 2 as C. felis . Conclusion The predominance of C. parvum subtype families IIa and IId in this study highlights the potential importance of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis transmission to Algerian HIV- positive subjects. More extensive sampling of both humans and farm animals, especially sheep, goats and calves, and collection of epidemiological data are needed for better understanding of the sources of human C. parvum infections in Algeria.

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“…mastacalis , become infected through contaminated water, food, and fomites, thus playing an important role in the evolution of this protozoan [ 29 ]. Additionally, this brings the parasite into contact with humans, presenting a risk to public health [ 31 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in small wild mammals in northeastern Brazil

et al. 2021

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This study investigated the occurrence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in rodents and marsupials from the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Two hundred and four fecal samples were collected from different forest areas in the municipalities of Ilhéus, Una, Belmonte, and Mascote. Identifications were performed using PCR and nested PCR followed by sequencing of the gdh and tpi genes for G. duodenalis, and the gp60 and Hsp-70 genes for Cryptosporidium. The total frequency of positive PCR samples for both G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. was 5.4% (11/204). Giardia duodenalis occurred in 2.94% (4/136) of rodents and 2.94% (2/68) of marsupials. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in rodents and marsupials was 1.47% (2/136) and 4.41% (3/68), respectively. In the areas sampled, the frequency of parasitism was 50% (7/14), while the Mascote region alone had no parasitized animals. The G. duodenalis subgenotype AI was identified in the rodent species Hylaeamys laticeps, Oecomys catherinae, Oligoryzomys nigripes and Akodon cursor, and in the marsupials Gracilinanus agilis and Monodelphis americana. In the rodents Rhipidomys mastacalis, H. laticeps and in the marsupial Marmosa murina the protozoa Cryptosporidium fayeri, Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium ubiquitum with subtypes IIa and IVg by the gp60 gene were found. In conclusion, this study provides the genetic characterization of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in rodents and marsupials. And, these findings reinforce that the rodent and marsupial species mentioned above play a role as new hosts for Giardia and Cryptosporidium.

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Molecular characterization of zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis pathogens in Algerian sheep

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Depletes Butyrate Producer Bacteria in Goat Kid Microbiome

Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Depletes Butyrate Producer Bacteria in Goat Kid Microbiome

First time genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. isolates from diarrheic stools of Algerian HIV-Infected subjects supports predominant zoonotic transmission routes

Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in small wild mammals in northeastern Brazil

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