“…The Actinobacteria bacteria ubiquitously distribute in marine sediments ( Solano et al, 2009 ), sea water ( Sheikh et al, 2019 ), marine organic aggregates ( Lam, 2006 ), marine sponges ( Gandhimathi et al, 2009 ; Sheikh et al, 2019 ), and deep-sea gas hydrate reservoirs ( Wang et al, 2014 ). Notably, Actinobacteria have broad application potentials, such as production of large number of secondary metabolites for developing novel antibiotics ( Wang et al, 2014 ; Kamjam et al, 2017 ); production of variety of enzymes including alkaline protease, xylanase, α-galactosidase ( Temuujin et al, 2016 ; Sanjivkumar et al, 2017 ; Thakrar and Singh, 2019 ). In addition, Actinobacteria could degrade and metabolize foreign compounds such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, pesticides and plastics, and they are also potential candidates for bioremediation ( Rathore et al, 2021 ).…”