Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw Milk Samples of Dairy Cows in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique

Nhatsave, Nilsa; Garrine, Marcelino; Messa, Augusto; Massinga, Arsénia J.; Cossa, Anélsio; Vaz, Raúl; Ombi, Angelina; Zimba, Tomás F.; Alfredo, Hélder; Mandomando, Inácio; Tchamo, Cesaltina da Conceição Lopes Menete

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9081684

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Nowadays, studies on the prevalence and characterization of S. aureus isolated from final dairy products available for consumers are very common, with examples from China, Norway, and Greece, among other countries [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In addition, numerous articles have been published on the prevalence and characterization of S. aureus in raw milk, especially in China, Iran, and Australia [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. It is worth emphasizing that S. aureus may enter the food chain during processing and preparation of the products [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains along the Production Chain of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland

Gajewska¹,

Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska²,

Zadernowska³

2022

Molecules

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Cheeses produced from unpasteurized milk by traditional production methods may contain many groups of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of S. aureus in the artisanal cheese production chain from unpasteurized milk. We investigated the prevalence of S. aureus strains isolated from various stages of artisanal cheese of unpasteurized milk production from farms in the northeastern and southern parts of Poland and characterized them. Characterization included antimicrobial susceptibility by microbroth dilution and biofilm formation by in vitro assay. Among all strains, the presence of enterotoxigenic genes and genes involved with biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance were screened by PCR-based methods. A total of 180 samples were examined. A high percentage of strains were resistant to penicillin (54/58.1%) and tobramycin (32/34.4%). Some tested isolates also showed resistance to the macrolide class of antibiotics: azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin at 17/18.3%, 15/16.1%, and 21/22.6%, respectively. Among tested isolates, we also found phenotypic resistance to oxacillin (9/9.7%) and cefoxitin (12/12.9%). The blaZ gene encoding penicillin resistance was the most common gene encoding antibiotic resistance among the tested strains. All isolates showing phenotypic resistance to cefoxitin possessed the mecA gene. The study also evaluated the prevalence of biofilm-associated genes, with eno the most frequently associated gene. Eighty-nine out of 93 S. aureus isolates (95.7%) possessed at least one enterotoxin-encoding gene. The results of this study showed that production of raw milk cheeses may be a source of antibiotic resistance and virulent S. aureus. Our results suggest that artisanal cheese producers should better control production hygiene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains along the Production Chain of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland

Gajewska¹,

Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska²,

Zadernowska³

2022

Molecules

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“…However, high prevalence were reported in other studies conducted in Egypt (Al‐Ashmawy et al., 2016; Sadat et al., 2022; Zayda et al., 2020). Low prevalence were reported in Nigeria (Aliyu et al., 2021) and Mozambique (Nhatsave et al., 2021), with values of 5% and 3%, respectively. However, a high rate of 38.5% was found by Lemma et al.…”

Section: Incidence Of Mrsa In Milk and Milk Productsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The same lineage was isolated in Greece from ovine milk (Papadopoulos et al, 2018; and outside Europe. It was isolated from raw milk in China (Song et al, 2015) and Mozambique (Nhatsave et al, 2021) and from Menas frescal cheese in Brazil (Gonzalez et al, 2017) Basanisi et al, 2017;Caruso et al, 2016;Cortimiglia et al, 2015;Gazzola et al, 2020;Kreausukon et al, 2012;Parisi et al, 2016;Tegegne et al, 2018). By contrast, this lineage was detected only occasionally in Asia (Song et al, 2015).…”

Section: Mrsa Clones Associated With Milk and Milk Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same lineage was isolated in Greece from ovine milk (Papadopoulos et al., 2018; Papadopoulos, Papadopoulos, et al., 2019) and outside Europe. It was isolated from raw milk in China (Song et al., 2015) and Mozambique (Nhatsave et al., 2021) and from Menas frescal cheese in Brazil (Gonzalez et al., 2017) (Table 2).…”

Section: Mrsa Clones Associated With Milk and Milk Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of milk and milk products in the spread of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the dairy production chain

Titouche

Akkou

Houali

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Science

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Milk and milk products can harbor a multiple varieties of microorganisms. Therefore, they can be an important source of foodborne pathogens, including multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes a wide spectrum of infections both in animals and humans. Over the last two decades, the presence of MRSA in foods and food‐producing animals, including milk and milk products, has been frequently reported worldwide, raising public health concerns. In order to monitor and prevent foodborne MRSA contamination, it is necessary to understand their sources, the pheno/genotypic characteristics of the strains, and their transmission dynamics. In this review, studies conducted worldwide were summarized in order to assess the prevalence and diversity of MRSA circulating in milk and milk products. The risk factors for the occurrence of MRSA in milk and milk products were also discussed with preventive and control measures to avoid MRSA contamination in the dairy food chain.

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“…Antibiotics are used indiscriminately and in large quantities in animal and human medicine, resulting in the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, like methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The pathogenesis of S. aureus is aggravated by the acquisition of resistance to several antibiotics, which causes a challenge in the treatment of S. aureus infection [ 10 ]. The World Health Organization has listed MRSA, often known as “superbug” or “resistant staph,” as a high-priority organism for more research and treatment [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-resistant and enterotoxigenic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk of cows at small-scale production units

Eid

El-Mahallawy

Mohammed³

et al. 2022

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) has evolved as one of the most significant bacteria causing food poisoning outbreaks worldwide. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity, virulence, and enterotoxin production of S. aureus in raw milk of cow from small-scale production units and house-raised animals in Damietta governorate, Egypt. Material and Methods: The samples were examined bacteriologically, and antimicrobial sensitivity testing was carried out. Moreover, isolates were characterized by the molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and enterotoxin genes. Results: Out of 300 milk samples examined, S. aureus was isolated from 50 samples (16.7%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that isolates were resistant to β-lactams (32%), tetracycline (16%), and norfloxacin (16%); however, they showed considerable sensitivity to ceftaroline and amikacin (72%). Multidrug-resistance (MDR) has been observed in eight isolates (16%), with a MDR index (0.5) in all of them. Of the total S. aureus isolates obtained, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been confirmed molecularly in 16/50 (32%) and was found to carry mecA and coa genes, while virulence genes; hlg (11/16, 68.75%) and tsst (6/16, 37.5%) were amplified at a lower percentage, and they showed a significant moderate negative correlation ( r = −0.59, p -value > 0.05). Antibiotic resistance genes have been detected in resistant isolates relevant to their phenotypic resistance: blaZ (100%), tetK (50%), and norA (50%). Fifty percent of MRSA isolates carried the seb enterotoxin gene. Conclusion: High detection rate of MRSA and MDR isolates from milk necessitates the prompt implementation of efficient antimicrobial stewardship guidelines, especially at neglected small-scale production units.

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Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw Milk Samples of Dairy Cows in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Occurrence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains along the Production Chain of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland

Occurrence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains along the Production Chain of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland

Role of milk and milk products in the spread of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the dairy production chain

Multidrug-resistant and enterotoxigenic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk of cows at small-scale production units

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