Molecular characterization of Sarcocystis neurona strains from opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and intermediate hosts from Central California

Rejmanek, Daniel; Miller, Melissa A.; Grigg, Michael E.; Crosbie, Paul R.; Conrad, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.045

Cited by 26 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Those parasite strains that lack SnSAG1 were found to express one of two alternative major surface antigens that were call SnSAG5 and SnSAG6 (Crowdus et al, 2008; Wendte et al, 2010b). While it is conceivable that additional alternative major SnSAG paralogues exist, analysis of much more extensive collections of parasite strains suggest that SnSAG1, SnSAG5, or SnSAG6 will be predominant in the S. neurona strains circulating in nature (Rejmanek et al, 2010 , ; Wendte et al, 2010a). The genes for these three SnSAG paralogues seem to be mutually exclusive to one another, since all strains of S. neurona that have been analyzed possess sequence for only SnSAG1 or SnSAG5 or SnSAG6 ; no strain has been found to possess more than one of these genes.…”

Section: In Vitro Cultivation Cell and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010, a panel of gene-specific molecular markers of varying phylogenetic resolution was developed to increase the discriminatory power of the molecular markers used for Sarcocystis population genetic analyses. This work established a comprehensive multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) approach capable of resolving strains at the genus, species and intra-species level (Wendte et al, 2010b; Rejmanek et al, 2010). The markers consisted of a plastid-encoded RNA polymerase b gene (RPOb) and a cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene encoded within the apicoplast and mitochondrial organellar genomes respectively, both of which are maternally inherited and exist as useful markers to detect genetic exchange (or hybridization) between strains based on incongruity between nuclear and organellar genome phylogenies.…”

Section: In Vitro Cultivation Cell and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Dubey

Howe

Furr

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious disease of horses, and its management continues to be a challenge for veterinarians. The protozoan Sarcocystis neurona is most commonly associated with EPM. S. neurona has emerged as a common cause of mortality in marine mammals, especially sea otters (Enhydra lutris). EPM-like illness has also been recorded in several other mammals, including domestic dogs and cats. This paper updates S. neurona and EPM information from the last 15 years on the advances regarding life cycle, molecular biology, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and control.

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Section: In Vitro Cultivation Cell and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro Cultivation Cell and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Dubey

Howe

Furr

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…The recent development of molecular genotyping markers has allowed for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of S. neurona isolates in order to determine whether particular genotypes associate with disease (Rejmanek et al, 2010; Wendte et al, 2010b). Sarcocystis neurona is known to possess six major surface antigen genes, SnSAGs 1–6 (Ellison et al, 2002; Hyun et al, 2003; Howe et al, 2005; Crowdus et al, 2008; Wendte et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel Sarcocystis neurona genotype XIII is associated with severe encephalitis in an unexpectedly broad range of marine mammals from the northeastern Pacific Ocean

Barbosa

Johnson

Lambourn

et al. 2015

International Journal for Parasitology

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Sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of protozoal encephalitis among marine mammals in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. To characterize the genetic type of S. neurona in this region, samples from 227 stranded marine mammals, most with clinical or pathological evidence of protozoal disease, were tested for the presence of coccidian parasites using a nested PCR assay. The frequency of S. neurona infection was 60% (136/227) among pinnipeds and cetaceans, including seven marine mammal species not previously known to be susceptible to infection by this parasite. Eight S. neurona fetal infections identified this coccidian parasite as capable of being transmitted transplacentally. Thirty-seven S. neurona-positive samples were multilocus sequence genotyped using three genetic markers: SnSAG1-5-6, SnSAG3 and SnSAG4. A novel genotype, referred to as Type XIII within the S. neurona population genetic structure, has emerged recently in the northeastern Pacific Ocean and is significantly associated with an increased severity of protozoal encephalitis and mortality among multiple stranded marine mammal species.

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“…The Virginia opossum is a nonnative species introduced to California by humans during the early 20th century (29), and population estimates for California are unknown. Fecal inputs from opossums to the coastal environment may be high, exposing native wildlife such as sea otters to potentially deadly pathogens (49,58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Environmental Loading, and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia Isolates from Domestic and Wild Animals along the Central California Coast

Oates

Miller

Hardin³

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The risk of disease transmission from waterborne protozoa is often dependent on the origin (e.g., domestic animals versus wildlife), overall parasite load in contaminated waterways, and parasite genotype, with infections being linked to runoff or direct deposition of domestic animal and wildlife feces. Fecal samples collected from domestic animals and wildlife along the central California coast were screened to (i) compare the prevalence and associated risk factors for fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species parasites, (ii) evaluate the relative importance of animal host groups that contribute to pathogen loading in coastal ecosystems, and (iii) characterize zoonotic and host-specific genotypes. Overall, 6% of fecal samples tested during 2007 to 2010 were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts and 15% were positive for Giardia cysts. Animal host group and age class were significantly associated with detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites in animal feces. Fecal loading analysis revealed that infected beef cattle potentially contribute the greatest parasite load relative to other host groups, followed by wild canids. Beef cattle, however, shed host-specific, minimally zoonotic Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis genotypes, whereas wild canids shed potentially zoonotic genotypes, including G. duodenalis assemblages A and B. Given that the parasite genotypes detected in cattle were not zoonotic, the public health risk posed by protozoan parasite shedding in cattle feces may be lower than that posed by other animals, such as wild canids, that routinely shed zoonotic genotypes.

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Molecular characterization of Sarcocystis neurona strains from opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and intermediate hosts from Central California

Cited by 26 publications

References 57 publications

An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

A novel Sarcocystis neurona genotype XIII is associated with severe encephalitis in an unexpectedly broad range of marine mammals from the northeastern Pacific Ocean

Prevalence, Environmental Loading, and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia Isolates from Domestic and Wild Animals along the Central California Coast

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