Molecular Characterization of Prototheca strains isolated in China revealed the first cases of protothecosis associated with Prototheca zopfii genotype 1

Hirose, Noriyuki; Hua, Zhensheng; Kato, Yuichi; Zhang, Qiangqiang; Li, Ruoyu; Nishimura, Kazuko; Masuda, Michiaki

doi:10.1093/mmy/myx039

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Prototheca algae seem to be particularly notorious for displaying high levels of intrastrain rDNA polymorphism. Previous studies, similar to the present one, revealed an important degree of sequence heterogeneity between different copies of the SSU rRNA gene and the ITS locus within a single Prototheca strain (19,43,66). Although not seen in this study, the intrastrain sequence heterogeneity had also been reported among copies of the protothecal LSU rRNA gene (23,66).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

cytb as a New Genetic Marker for Differentiation of Prototheca Species

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Achlorophyllous unicellular microalgae of the genus (, ) are the only known plants that cause infections in both humans and animals, collectively referred to as protothecosis. Human protothecosis, most commonly manifested as cutaneous, articular, and disseminated disease, is primarily caused by, followed by and, sporadically, by and In veterinary medicine, however, is a major pathogen responsible for bovine mastitis, which is a predominant form of protothecal disease in animals. Historically, identification of spp. has relied upon phenotypic criteria; these were later replaced by molecular typing schemes, including DNA sequencing. However, the molecular markers interrogated so far, mostly located in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cluster, do not provide sufficient discriminatory power to distinguish among all spp. currently recognized. Our study is the first attempt to develop a fast, reliable, and specific molecular method allowing identification of all spp. We propose the mitochondrial gene as a new and robust marker for diagnostics and phylogenetic studies of the algae. The gene displayed important advantages over the rDNA markers. Not only did the gene have the highest discriminatory capacity for resolving all species, but it also performed best in terms of technical feasibility, understood as ease of amplification, sequencing, and multiple alignment analysis. Based on the species-specific polymorphisms in the partial gene, we developed a fast and straightforward PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay for identification and differentiation of all species described so far. The newly proposed method is advocated to be a new gold standard in diagnostics of protothecal infections in human and animal populations.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

cytb as a New Genetic Marker for Differentiation of Prototheca Species

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…are often isolated with other pathogens such as bacteria or yeasts [1], as in the present case, in which P. zopfii was concomitant with Streptococcus salivarius and Escherichia coli). In contrast, except for in our patient, no peritonitis was reported in the 17 human cases caused by P. zopfii species; most P. zopfii infections have involved skin and nails [4,[8][9][10] (Supplementary Data). The prognosis of deeply seated infection is poorer with P. zopfii species than with P. wickerhamii (23.5% vs 2.2% overall mortality, and even 100.0% when patients are immunocompromised).…”

Section: A N S W E R T O T H E P H O T O Q U I Zcontrasting

confidence: 66%

A “Kelp-Like” Microorganism Within the Belly

Kyvon

Carvalho-Schneider

Lemaignen

et al. 2018

Clinical Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Among them, P. blaschkeae and P. zopfii , are the most important species in the veterinary field because of their ability to sustain bovine mastitis 11 – 13 . P. zopfii can be further divided into two genotypes, namely genotype 1 and 2, both reported as pathogenic for humans 14 , whereas genotype 2 is the most isolated Prototheca in bovine mastitis outbreaks worldwide 11 , 12 , 15 – 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing of Prototheca zopfii genotypes 1 and 2 provides evidence of a severe reduction in organellar genomes

Lazzari

Capra

Chessa

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prototheca zopfii (P. zopfii, class Trebouxiophyceae, order Chlorellales, family Chlorellaceae), a non-photosynthetic predominantly free-living unicellular alga, is one of the few pathogens belonging to the plant kingdom. This alga can affect many vertebrate hosts, sustaining systemic infections and diseases such as mastitis in cows. The aim of our work was to sequence and assemble the P. zopfii genotype 1 and genotype 2 mitochondrial and plastid genomes. Remarkably, the P. zopfii mitochondrial (38 Kb) and plastid (28 Kb) genomes are models of compaction and the smallest known in the Trebouxiophyceae. As expected, the P. zopfii genotype 1 and 2 plastid genomes lack all the genes involved in photosynthesis, but, surprisingly, they also lack those coding for RNA polymerases. Our results showed that plastid genes are actively transcribed in P. zopfii, which suggests that the missing RNA polymerases are substituted by nuclear-encoded paralogs. The simplified architecture and highly-reduced gene complement of the P. zopfii mitochondrial and plastid genomes are closer to those of P. stagnora and the achlorophyllous obligate parasite Helicosporidium than to those of P. wickerhamii or P. cutis. This similarity is also supported by maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses inferences. Overall, the P. zopfii sequences reported here, which include nuclear genome drafts for both genotypes, will help provide both a deeper understanding of the evolution of Prototheca spp. and insights into the corresponding host/pathogen interactions.

show abstract

Molecular Characterization of Prototheca strains isolated in China revealed the first cases of protothecosis associated with Prototheca zopfii genotype 1

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

cytb as a New Genetic Marker for Differentiation of Prototheca Species

cytb as a New Genetic Marker for Differentiation of Prototheca Species

A “Kelp-Like” Microorganism Within the Belly

Genome sequencing of Prototheca zopfii genotypes 1 and 2 provides evidence of a severe reduction in organellar genomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About