Molecular Characterization of Intermediate Susceptible Typhoidal Salmonella to Ciprofloxacin, and its Impact

Veeraraghavan, Balaji; Anandan, Shalini; Sethuvel, Dhiviya Prabaa Muthuirulandi; Puratchiveeran, Nivetha; Walia, Kāmini; Ragupathi, Naveen Kumar Devanga

doi:10.1007/s40291-016-0191-6

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This study showed only 8 isolates could be amplified both the gyrB and parE genes. Previous studies from Brazil and Senegal were showed similar results with our results [28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

First description of class 1 integron in typhoidal Salmonella isolated from clinical and lettuce samples in Burkina Faso.

Somda¹,

Bonkoungou²,

Traoré³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: In Burkina Faso, dirty water, in particular those of the stoppings and the gutter are used for irrigation of vegetables. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge on the molecular level of Salmonella circulating in the hospitals and environment next to hospitals in Burkina Faso. Methods: Salmonella isolated from diarrhea stools between 2009 to 2015 and lettuce samples isolated in 2014 in Burkina Faso were characterized by simple Polymerase Chain Reaction using specific primers. Sequencing was performed using the BigDye terminator protocol on the ABI PRISM 310. The sequences obtained corresponding were searched using the BlastN program.Results: Out of 100 Salmonella isolated, 53% were from human and 47% from lettuce samples. Globally, the highest prevalence was observed with invA, misL, pipD, orfL and spvR genes in 97%, 96%; 74%; and 21%. Forty of these isolates carried class 1 integron, 31 from clinical samples and 9 from lettuce samples. Sequencing showed different gene with aadA1 in 13/15 strains, aadA7 and aac(3)-Id in 2/15 strains. Eight percent (8/100) of Salmonella harbored gyrB and parE genes. Sequencing showed no mutation in these genes. Three distinct Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) types were observed from clinical samples with 90-95% similarity in each case. All Salmonella from lettuce had similar pulsotypes. Conclusion: This study showed that lettuce is a potential source of transmission of Salmonella causing diarrhea among human in Burkina Faso.

show abstract

“…This study showed only 8 isolates could be amplified both the gyrB and parE genes. Previous studies from Brazil and Senegal were showed similar results with our results [28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The main mechanism of resistance to quinolones is linked to chromosomal mutations especially in the gyrA or parC genes and more rarely at the gyrB and parE genes [28,29]. This study showed only 8 isolates could be amplified both the gyrB and parE genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

First description of class 1 integron in typhoidal Salmonella isolated from clinical and lettuce samples in Burkina Faso.

Somda¹,

Bonkoungou²,

Traoré³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, in the past decade there have been reports of treatment failures using fluoroquinolones in patients with typhoid fever and the isolate being susceptible to fluoroquinolones and resistant to nalidixic acid in vitro [33]. Studies have reported that plasmid-mediated resistance showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC of 0.125–1.0 μg/ml), which could not be picked up by the nalidixic acid test [34]. However, the mechanism is not well understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of childhood diarrhoea among under five children and molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance in isolated enteric bacterial pathogens from a tertiary care hospital, Eastern Odisha, India

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAlthough, India has made steady progress in reducing deaths in children younger than 5 years, the proportional mortality accounted by diarrhoeal diseases still remains high. The present hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to understand the prevalence of various bacterial pathogens associated with the diarrhoea cases in under 5 years age group.MethodsDuring, 1st September, 2015 to 30th November 2017, all the childhood diarrhoea cases (≤5 yrs) of SCB Medical College in Odisha, India were included in the study. Stool samples were collected and processed for the isolation of causative bacterial pathogen and the isolated bacterial pathogens were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing, molecular analysis of drug resistance. Clinical and demographic data were collected and analyzed.ResultsThree hundred twenty patients were enrolled in the study during the study period from whom 82 bacterial isolates were obtained indicating a proportional causality of 25.6% for bacterial diarrhoea among children in this region. Entero toxigenic E.coli (ETEC) accounted for majority of the cases and and more than 50% of the strains were found to be multi-drug resistant (resistant to more than 3 class of antibiotics). More than 50% of the strains were resistant to current choice of treatment like ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone and 2.4% being resistant to Imipenem. ESBL production was also observed in some of the strains and one isolate harboured the NDM-1 gene. Fluoroquinolone resistance was found to be linked with multiple mutations in the QRDR region followed by PMQR determinants.ConclusionThe current study, to the best of our knowledge is first of its kind which demonstrated the etiology of bacterial diarrhoea in children less than 5 years old and identified diarrheogenic E. coli as the predominant enteropathogen in Odisha. Majority of the isolates being multi-drug resistance calls for a continuous surveillance system in the region which will be helpfulin identifying emerging resistance pattern and for developing suitable intervention stategies.

show abstract

“…Quinolone resistance is due to mutations in the quinolone-resistance determining regions of chromosomal genes such as gyrA , gyrB , parC and parE and plasmid-mediated qnr, qepA and aacs(6′)-Ib-cr genes [ 42 ]. Studies have reported that plasmid-mediated resistance showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC of 0.125–1.0 μg/ml), which could not be picked up by the nalidixic acid test [ 43 ]. Therefore, the CLSI and EUCAST recommend a new screening surrogate marker of pefloxacin (5 μg) disc diffusion for detecting both chromosomal- and plasmid-mediated resistance.…”

Section: Fluoroquinolonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typhoid Fever: Issues in Laboratory Detection, Treatment Options & Concerns in Management in Developing Countries

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole), was significantly reduced with the increased usage of fluoroquinolones and azithromycin. This has led to declining multidrug resistance rates in India with increasing ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility rates and clinical failures due to azithromycin. However, for the available agents such as ceftriaxone, azithromycin and fluoroquinolones, the dose and duration for treatment is undefined. The ongoing clinical trials for typhoid management are expected to recommend the defined dose and duration for better clinical outcome. We made an attempt to summarize the issues in laboratory detection, treatment options and responses, and the concerns in clinical practice seen in the developing countries.

show abstract

Molecular Characterization of Intermediate Susceptible Typhoidal Salmonella to Ciprofloxacin, and its Impact

Abstract: It was clear that the molecular mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance correlates better with the EUCAST criteria than the CLSI criteria, which is also in agreement with the pefloxacin results, suggesting it as a surrogate marker for identifying fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

First description of class 1 integron in typhoidal Salmonella isolated from clinical and lettuce samples in Burkina Faso.

First description of class 1 integron in typhoidal Salmonella isolated from clinical and lettuce samples in Burkina Faso.

Etiology of childhood diarrhoea among under five children and molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance in isolated enteric bacterial pathogens from a tertiary care hospital, Eastern Odisha, India

Typhoid Fever: Issues in Laboratory Detection, Treatment Options & Concerns in Management in Developing Countries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About