Molecular characterization of Haemaphysalis longicornis-borne rickettsiae, Republic of Korea and China

Jiang, Ju; An, Hui-juan; Lee, John S.; O’Guinn, Monica L.; Kim, Heung-Chul; Chong, Sung-Tae; Zhang, Yanmin; Duan, Song; Burrus, Roxanne G.; Yu-zhou, Bao; Klein, Terry A.; Richards, Allen L.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.07.013

Cited by 57 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…H. longicornis is mainly obtained from grasses and herbaceous vegetation, H. flava is frequently obtained from forests, and I. nipponensis is obtained from both habitats across South Korea [17]. All three ticks identified in this study are vectors and hosts for many TBPs and can transmit them to animals and humans in South Korea [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In this study, one SFG rickettsia with Candidatus status was detected. A possibly novel SFG rickettsia classified into the putative new subgroup "Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii" was identified in the species H. longicornis (100%, 11/11 pools; 43.2%, 79/183) in South Korea [13]. These strains were clustered in a subcategory that represented a sister taxon separate from the known subcategories of SFG rickettsiae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These strains were clustered in a subcategory that represented a sister taxon separate from the known subcategories of SFG rickettsiae. Sequences of gene fragments in GenBank for rickettsial isolates obtained from H. longicornis in Japan, China, and South Korea have unknown pathogenicity and uncertain taxonomic statuses that are likely associated with Candidatus R. longicornii or a closely connected species [13]. The others were given provisory species names, including Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis from H. longicornis (1.0%, 2/204 pools) in China [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a rapidly increasing number of reservoir-adapted pathogens among various species of ticks, which are known or suspected vectors of zoonotic TBPs. Previous studies have investigated the Pathogens 2020, 9, 71 2 of 12 presence of TBPs in South Korea by assessing ticks and cattle, using molecular methods [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The native Korean goat (NKG, Capra hircus coreanae) is an individual breed of goat primarily raised for natural health supplements and meat in South Korea, and it is known to be an essential natural reservoir host of several TBPs that influence human, wildlife, and domestic animal populations [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Parasitizing Native Korean Goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea

2020

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Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are considered zoonotic re-emerging pathogens, with ticks playing important roles in their transmission and ecology. Previous studies in South Korea have examined TBPs residing in ticks; however, there is no phylogenetic information on TBPs in ticks parasitizing native Korean goat (NKG; Capra hircus coreanae). The present study assessed the prevalence, risk factors, and co-infectivity of TBPs in ticks parasitizing NKGs. In total, 107 hard ticks, including Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes nipponensis, and Haemaphysalis flava, were obtained from NKGs in South Korea between 2016 and 2019. In 40 tested tick pools, genes for four TBPs, namely Coxiella-like endosymbiont (CLE, 5.0%), Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii (45.0%), Anaplasma bovis (2.5%), and Theileria luwenshuni (5.0%) were detected. Ehrlichia, Bartonella spp., and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus were not detected. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report CLE and T. luwenshuni in H. flava ticks in South Korea. Considering the high prevalence of Candidatus R. longicornii in ticks parasitizing NKGs, there is a possibility of its transmission from ticks to animals and humans. NKG ticks might be maintenance hosts for TBPs, and we recommend evaluation of the potential public health threat posed by TBP-infected ticks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Parasitizing Native Korean Goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea

2020

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“…longicornis , and the phylogenetic analysis showed that it was the same Rickettsia species as Ca . R. jingxinensis (Jiang et al, ). In this study, sequences of Ca .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in hard ticks, northern China

Guo

Wang

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae are important causative agents of (re)emerging tick‐borne infectious diseases in humans, and ticks play a key role in their maintenance and transmission. In this study, hard ticks were collected from five sampling sites in North China in 2017 and 2018. Of them, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Rhipicephalus microplus and Dermacentor nuttalli were collected from livestock (sheep and goats) and the vegetation, Hyalomma asiaticum from sheep, goats and camels, and Hyalomma marginatum from sheep and goats. The SFG rickettsiae were identified in these ticks by amplifying the partial rrs and complete 17‐kDa genes, with an overall infection rate of 52.9%. In addition, the nearly full‐length rrs and gltA and partial ompA genes were recovered to classify the species of SFG rickettsiae further. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of three human pathogenic species in Hy. asiaticum, Hy. marginatum, Ha. longicornis and De. nuttalli, including two cultured ones (Rickettsia raoultii and Rickettsia aeschlimannii) and one uncultured (Candidatus R. jingxinensis). Furthermore, partial groEL gene was also obtained, and phylogenetic trees were also reconstructed to better understand the genetic relationship with known sequences in each SFG rickettsiae species detected in the current study. Notably, the R. aeschlimannii sequences described in this study were closely related to those from abroad rather than from another part of China, indicating their different origin. However, the R. raoultii and Ca. R. jingxinensis sequences presented close relationship with variants from other parts of China. In sum, our data revealed SFG rickettsiae species in northern China, highlighting the need for surveillance of their infection in local humans.

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Proteomic analysis suggests that monoterpenes in lemongrass disrupt Ca²⁺ homeostasis in Haemaphysalis longicornis leading to mitochondrial depolarization and cytotoxicity

Agwunobi

Wang

et al. 2022

Proteomics

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Complex mixtures of bioactive ingredients in plant essential oils present complex chemistries which involve different modes of action. An increasing body of scientific reports has recently focused on the acaricidal activities of plant essential oils attributed to their monoterpene components, but information about their underlying molecular mechanism of action is scarce. Here, after the chemical analysis of lemongrass oil, a proteomic analysis of the ovary, salivary gland, and midgut of Haemaphysalis longicornis exposed to Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) essential oil was performed via data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) technology to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. Pathway analysis reveals the activation of metabolic pathways mediated by oxidoreductases and transferases. Furthermore, the upregulation of various calcium‐associated proteins and the upregulation of cytochrome c1, cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide IV, and programmed cell death protein 6‐like isoform X1 suggest a cytotoxic mode of action via the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial uncoupling, and depolarization, and ATP depletion leading to either apoptotic or necrotic death. Morphological alterations observed after the RNAi of a major detoxification enzyme (glutathione S‐transferase) merit further investigation. Hence, the cytotoxic mode of action exhibited by C. citratus oil could be vital for the development of eco‐friendly acaricide.

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Molecular characterization of Haemaphysalis longicornis-borne rickettsiae, Republic of Korea and China

Cited by 57 publications

References 50 publications

Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Parasitizing Native Korean Goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea

Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Parasitizing Native Korean Goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea

Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in hard ticks, northern China

Proteomic analysis suggests that monoterpenes in lemongrass disrupt Ca²⁺ homeostasis in Haemaphysalis longicornis leading to mitochondrial depolarization and cytotoxicity

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Molecular characterization of Haemaphysalis longicornis-borne rickettsiae, Republic of Korea and China

Cited by 57 publications

References 50 publications

Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Parasitizing Native Korean Goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea

Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Parasitizing Native Korean Goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea

Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in hard ticks, northern China

Proteomic analysis suggests that monoterpenes in lemongrass disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis in Haemaphysalis longicornis leading to mitochondrial depolarization and cytotoxicity

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Proteomic analysis suggests that monoterpenes in lemongrass disrupt Ca²⁺ homeostasis in Haemaphysalis longicornis leading to mitochondrial depolarization and cytotoxicity