Molecular characterization of enteric adenovirus genotypes 40 and 41 identified in children with acute gastroenteritis in Kolkata, India during 2013–2014

Abstract

Human enteric adenovirus (HAdV) belonging to species F is one of the most common pathogens responsible for infantile gastroenteritis worldwide. This study was initiated to estimate prevalence and types of HAdV among children below 5 years of age seeking health care facility for treatment of diarrhea in Kolkata, Eastern India. A total of 1,562 stool specimens were tested during 2013-2014 and among them, 185 (11.8%) were positive for enteric HAdV. Maximum number of positive cases were observed among children between 6 and 12 months of age (13.9%). HAdV infection occurred at a low frequency throughout the year, with an increased incidence in the month of March-July in both the years. Among HAdV positive samples (n = 185), 44.8% showed coinfection with rotavirus. Genotyping based on hypervariable region of hexon and partial shaft region of fiber genes, revealed prevalence of HAdV-40 over HAdV-41 genotype during this study period. Nucleotide sequence analysis of HAdV-40 strains exhibited more than 99% similarity among themselves and 98.5% with the prototype strain Dugan. Sequence analysis of six hypervariable regions (HVRs) of hexon genes from all the HAdV-41 strains revealed co-circulation of both genome type cluster 1(GTC1) and GTC2. The presence of both types of GTCs reflects accumulation of amino acid (aa) mutations in HVR of hexon gene. A recombination event was evident in a subset of HAdV-41 strains where hexon gene belonged to GTC1 whereas, fiber gene clustered with GTC2. Sequence analysis of fiber gene shaft region of HAdV-41 strains revealed 15 aa deletion from the 15th repeat motif. J. Med. Virol. 89:606-614, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Molecular analysis of human adenoviruses in hospitalized children <5 years old with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran

“…Moreover, a phylogenetic tree of the fiber gene of all isolated AdV‐41 strains indicated that all representative strains were associated with the GTC2 hexon gene, which was similar to the findings of other studies . Fukuda et al, have reported a strain containing the hexon gene with GTC1 pattern and the fiber gene with GTC2 pattern, and have considered the strain to be a recombinant between HAdVs of the same types.…”

“…In this study, the phylogenetic analysis and amino acid identity of the hexon HVRs of the isolated type 41 strains indicated the presence of GTC1 pattern, which was closely similar to the D1 and D28 strains. The genome type D1 as a prototype strain (Tak) had been firstly described by Van der Avoort et al, in the Netherland in 1989, although it has also been reported in several other countries . Our finding suggests that the isolated strains in Iran are similar to the worldwide AdV‐41, strains D1, and D28.…”

“…Fukuda et al, have reported a strain containing the hexon gene with GTC1 pattern and the fiber gene with GTC2 pattern, and have considered the strain to be a recombinant between HAdVs of the same types. A similar study has also indicated four isolates with the hexon gene of GTC1 and the fiber gene of GTC2, proposing recombination among the co‐circulating strains …”

Molecular epidemiology of human adenovirus infections in Denmark, 2011–2016

“…In summary, we demonstrate that young children were more likely to be infected with HAdV and that co-infections with other viral pathogens are common, as previously found [28], which suggest a possible underestimation of the real HAdV burden. Our study also shows the diversity of HAdV circulating in Denmark and the possible existence of clusters of transmission.…”

Membrane Bioreactor-Based Wastewater Treatment Plant in Saudi Arabia: Reduction of Viral Diversity, Load, and Infectious Capacity

“…AdV type 40 and 41 have been identified as etiological agents of gastroenteritis and are commonly detected in wastewater [7,8]. These viruses are members of the Mastadenovirus genus of the Adenoviridae family, containing a double-stranded DNA genome [6].…”