Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens

Yoon, Mi Young; Kim, Yeong Bin; Ha, Jong Su; Seo, Kwang Won; Noh, Eun Bi; Lee, Young Ju

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.029

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The results in this study showed that the point mutations of gyrA and parC from all samples were positive to gyrA83S, gyrA87D, gyrA87L, gyrA87NY, parC80S, and parC80I, except that gyrA83S was found in only 97.3% of the broiler APEC isolates, meaning that both mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance were working together in these APEC isolates. This result is consistent with recent studies of APEC strains from the United States and South Korea ( Seo and Lee, 2019 ; Yoon et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The APEC isolates in this study were resistant to fluoroquinolones, antimicrobials critically important to human medicine, identified by the presence of PMQR genes ( qnrA, qnrB and qnrS ) and the mutations of QRDR of gyrA and parC ( Yoon et al, 2020 ). In this study, 74 Thai APEC isolates from commercial chickens which were resistant to either nalidixic acid or enrofloxacin were positive to qnrB (12.16%) and qnrS (72.97%) genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and phenotypic characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from commercial broilers and native chickens

et al. 2022

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Many studies have examined avian pathogenic Escherichia coli ( APEC ) from commercial broilers but few have examined isolates from native chickens. This study compared APEC isolates from commercial broilers and native chickens in regard to the phylogenetic group and the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles. From 100 suspect colibacillosis cases in both commercial broilers and native chickens, a total of 90 broiler isolates and 42 native chicken isolates were identified as E. coli by biochemical tests. Phylogenetic grouping revealed that 90 broiler APEC isolates belonged to A group (5.56%), B1 group (22.22%), B2 group (31.11%), and D group (41.11%). The 42 native chicken APEC isolates belonged to A group (35.71%), B1 group (26.19%), B2 group (30.95%), and D group (7.14%). The difference in the allocation to groups A and D of the 2 isolate types was significant ( P < 0.05). The APEC broiler isolates had a significantly higher multidrug-resistant ( MDR ) rate (80%) than the native chicken isolates (14.29%) ( P < 0.05). The APEC broiler isolates demonstrated significantly higher resistance rates than the native chicken isolates for amoxicillin (98.89%; 78.57% respectively), chloramphenicol (42.2%; 9.5%), enrofloxacin (68.9%; 7.1%), gentamicin (11.1%; 0%), nalidixic acid (72.2%; 7.1%), sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (45.6%; 2.4%), and tetracycline (88.9%; 76.2%) ( P < 0.05). The APEC broiler isolates had a significantly higher presence compared with the native chicken isolates of the following resistance genes:- by bla TEM (43.3%; 21.4%, respectively), cml-A (34.4%; 2.4%), tetA (76.7%; 40.5%), tetB (26.7%; 0%), sul2 (23.3%; 14.3%), and dhfrI (13.3%; 0%) ( P < 0.05). The qnrB and qnrS genes were detected (12.16%; 72.97% respectively), in the APEC broiler isolates resistant to nalidixic acid and/or enrofloxacin while only qnrS genes was detected in all 3 APEC native chicken isolates. Regarding the point mutations of gyrA and parC , all isolates were positive to gyrA83S, gyrA87D, gyrA87L, gyrA87NY, parC80S and parC80I except that gyrA83S was not present in 20 APEC broiler isolates. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should be targeted at the backyard poultry sector as well as the commercial poultry sector.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from commercial broilers and native chickens

et al. 2022

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“…The results of the QRDR sequencing analysis were largely in agreement with the frequently reported mutations in E. coli [ 20 , 22 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. This was notably the case for gyrA and parC substitutions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Flanders (Belgium)

et al. 2020

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Fluoroquinolones are frequently used antimicrobials for the treatment of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infections. However, rapid development and selection of resistance to this class of antimicrobial drugs is a significant problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance against enrofloxacin (ENRO) in APEC strains in Flanders, Belgium. One hundred and twenty-five APEC strains from broilers with clinical colibacillosis were collected in Flanders from November 2017 to June 2018. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all strains and the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of a sample of sensitive isolates were determined using a commercial gradient strip test and via the agar dilution method, respectively. Non-wild type (NWT) isolates were further characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresis and gene sequencing. Forty percent of the APEC strains were NWT according to the epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) measure (MIC > 0.125 μg/mL). With respect to clinical breakpoints, 21% were clinically intermediate (0.5 ≤ MIC ≤ 1 μg/mL) and 10% were clinically resistant (MIC ≥ 2). The MPC values of the tested strains ranged from 0.064 to 1 μg/mL, resulting in MPC/MIC ratios varying from 4 to 32. The majority (92%) of the NWT strains carried one or two mutations in gyrA. Less than a quarter (22%) manifested amino acid substitutions in the topoisomerase IV parC subunit. Only three of the NWT strains carried a mutation in parE. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) associated genes were detected in 18% of the NWT strains. In contrast to the relatively large number of NWT strains, only a small percentage of APEC isolates was considered clinically resistant. The most common MPC value for sensitive strains was 0.125 μg/mL. Some isolates showed higher values, producing wide mutant selection windows (MSW). Chromosomal mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV were confirmed as the main source of decreased antimicrobial fluoroquinolone susceptibility, de-emphasizing the role of PMQR mechanisms.

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“…Because more than 30 genes conferring resistance to TMP have been identified ( Wüthrich et al, 2019 ) and only 4 of these were examined in this study, other genes not investigated here may be involved in TMP resistance in the isolates. The co-existence of TMP-resistance and PMQR genes, including qepA in E. coli of feline origin ( Chen et al, 2014 ), qnrB6 in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii of canine origin ( Ma et al, 2009 ), and qnrS in avian pathogenic E. coli from broiler chickens ( Yoon et al, 2020 ) have been reported. Chen et al (2014) demonstrated that multidrug resistant plasmids harboring the qepA gene had disseminated in E. coli isolates from companion animals, food animals, and farm environments in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of qnrS-positive Escherichia coli from chicken in Thailand and possible co-selection of isolates with plasmids carrying qnrS and trimethoprim-resistance genes under farm use of trimethoprim

2022

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One hundred and twenty chicken samples from feces (n = 80), the carcass surface at slaughter at 2 meat chicken farms (n = 20), and retail chicken meat from 5 markets (n = 20) collected during 2018 and 2019 were examined for the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance ( PMQR ) in Escherichia coli . We detected qnrS -positive E. coli in a total of 74 samples from feces (n = 59), the carcass surface (n = 7), and retail meat (n = 8). These 74 qnrS -positive isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MICs ) of certain antimicrobials and genetically characterized. Ampicillin-resistance accounted for 71 of the 74 isolates (96%), followed by resistance to oxytetracycline (57/74; 77%), enrofloxacin ( ERFX ) (56/74; 76%), sulfisoxazole ( SUL ) (56/74; 76%), trimethoprim ( TMP ) (49/74; 66%), and dihydrostreptomycin (48/74; 65%). All farm-borne SUL- and TMP-resistant isolates except one were obtained from samples from farm A where a combination of sulfadiazine and TMP was administered to the chickens. Concentrations of ERFX at which 50 and 90% of isolates were inhibited were 2 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Diverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE ) patterns of Xba I-digested genomic DNA were observed in the qnrS -positive isolates from fecal samples. Several isolates from feces and the carcass surface had identical Xba I-digested PFGE patterns. S1-nuclease PFGE and Southern blot analysis demonstrated that 7 of 11 dfrA13 -positive fecal isolates carried both the qnrS and dfrA13 genes on the same plasmid, and 2 of 3 dfrA1 -positive isolates similarly carried both qnrS and dfrA1 on the same plasmid, although the PFGE patterns of Xba I-digested genomic DNA of the isolates were different. These results suggest that the qnrS gene is prevalent in chicken farms via horizontal transfer of plasmids and may partly be co-selected under the use of TMP.

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Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from commercial broilers and native chickens

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from commercial broilers and native chickens

Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Flanders (Belgium)

Prevalence of qnrS-positive Escherichia coli from chicken in Thailand and possible co-selection of isolates with plasmids carrying qnrS and trimethoprim-resistance genes under farm use of trimethoprim

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