Molecular and phenotypic characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from commercial broilers and native chickens

Abstract

Many studies have examined avian pathogenic Escherichia coli ( APEC ) from commercial broilers but few have examined isolates from native chickens. This study compared APEC isolates from commercial broilers and native chickens in regard to the phylogenetic group and the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles. From 100 suspect colibacillosis cases in both commercial broilers and native chickens, a total of 90 broiler isolates and 42 native chicken isolates were identified as E. coli by biochemical tests. Phylogenetic grouping revealed that 90 broiler APEC isolates belonged to A group (5.56%), B1 group (22.22%), B2 group (31.11%), and D group (41.11%). The 42 native chicken APEC isolates belonged to A group (35.71%), B1 group (26.19%), B2 group (30.95%), and D group (7.14%). The difference in the allocation to groups A and D of the 2 isolate types was significant ( P < 0.05). The APEC broiler isolates had a significantly higher multidrug-resistant ( MDR ) rate (80%) than the native chicken isolates (14.29%) ( P < 0.05). The APEC broiler isolates demonstrated significantly higher resistance rates than the native chicken isolates for amoxicillin (98.89%; 78.57% respectively), chloramphenicol (42.2%; 9.5%), enrofloxacin (68.9%; 7.1%), gentamicin (11.1%; 0%), nalidixic acid (72.2%; 7.1%), sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (45.6%; 2.4%), and tetracycline (88.9%; 76.2%) ( P < 0.05). The APEC broiler isolates had a significantly higher presence compared with the native chicken isolates of the following resistance genes:- by bla TEM (43.3%; 21.4%, respectively), cml-A (34.4%; 2.4%), tetA (76.7%; 40.5%), tetB (26.7%; 0%), sul2 (23.3%; 14.3%), and dhfrI (13.3%; 0%) ( P < 0.05). The qnrB and qnrS genes were detected (12.16%; 72.97% respectively), in the APEC broiler isolates resistant to nalidixic acid and/or enrofloxacin while only qnrS genes was detected in all 3 APEC native chicken isolates. Regarding the point mutations of gyrA and parC , all isolates were positive to gyrA83S, gyrA87D, gyrA87L, gyrA87NY, parC80S and parC80I except that gyrA83S was not present in 20 APEC broiler isolates. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should be targeted at the backyard poultry sector as well as the commercial poultry sector.

Relationship between phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli and Pathogenicity among Isolates from chickens with Colibacillosis and healthy chickens

“…Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis based on the original ( Clermont et al, 2000 ) and revised ( Clermont et al, 2013 ) Clermont schemes demonstrated that ExPEC from human cases were frequently assigned to specific phylogenetic groups (hereafter referred to as “phylogroups”), including B2 and D ( Picard et al, 1999 ; Johnson and Stell, 2000 ; Logue et al, 2017 ). APEC isolates obtained from diseased poultry occasionally belong to the phylogenetic group D in Thailand ( Thomrongsuwannakij et al, 2022 ) and groups A and D in Japan ( Asai et al , 2011 ; Ozaki et al, 2017 ), based on the original Clermont scheme. Recently, several studies focused on avian colibacillosis strains belonging to phylogroups B2 and F based on the revised Clermont scheme due to their zoonotic potential as an etiologic agent of extraintestinal infections in humans ( Jeong et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Zhuge et al, 2021 ).…”

Sangyod rice bran extract enhances Lacticaseibacillus paracasei growth during the exponential phase and antibacterial activity of L. paracasei supernatant against zoonotic and foodborne pathogens

“…Five clinical isolates of APEC, including CH01, CH06, CH08, CH09, and CH10 were used. The bacteria were isolated from broilers and breeders with colibacillosis in Thailand, and identified as APEC as reported by our research team [ 7 ]. Five virulence-associated genes, including iroN , ompT , hlyF , iss , and iutA were detected using pentaplex PCR as previously described [ 7 ] to confirm as APEC.…”

“…The bacteria were isolated from broilers and breeders with colibacillosis in Thailand, and identified as APEC as reported by our research team [ 7 ]. Five virulence-associated genes, including iroN , ompT , hlyF , iss , and iutA were detected using pentaplex PCR as previously described [ 7 ] to confirm as APEC. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei WU2502, a probiotic isolated from Palmyra palm sugar, was used as the probiotic strain as described by our research team [ 12 ].…”

“…Notably, the pathogens have been suggested as a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen that serves as an external source for human infections [ 5 , 6 ]. Furthermore, the treatment of the pathogens is becoming difficult due to the increase in antibiotic resistance presented in the bacteria [ 7 ].…”

High-Frequency Detection of fosA3 and blaCTX–M–55 Genes in Escherichia coli From Longitudinal Monitoring in Broiler Chicken Farms

“…After incubation in buffered peptone water, at 37 ° C for 18–24 h, the other samples were seeded on MacConkey agar without supplementation (MC) and supplemented with the antimicrobials, ciprofloxacin (CIP), cefotaxime (CTX), and ciprofloxacin + cefotaxime (CIP/CTX), at a final concentration of 8 μg/ml. The lactose-fermenting colonies were subjected to identification by biochemical screening using triple-sugar iron agar, indole production, Simmons citrate, urease production, lysine decarboxylation, and sorbitol and cellobiose fermentation tests (Merck, Darmstadt, Alemanha; Awogbemi et al, 2018 ; Moeinizadeh and Shaheli, 2021 ; Thomrongsuwannakij et al, 2021 ).…”