Molecular Characteristics of Batanghari, Tambago, Orange, and Mandiangin Giant Gourami Strains

Abstract

Morphological variations among geographic and can be identified as different species. However, a lot of studies proved that morphological variations are also common in conspecific individuals. Therefore, precise identification using additional characters is vital, such as using a molecular marker. Here, we characterized Batanghari, Tambago, Orange, and Mandiangin gourami strains using the cytochrome b gene to evaluate their taxonomic status. Partial sequences of cytochrome b gene were sequenced for 40 individuals. Taxonomic status was checked for giant gourami sequences available in GenBank. Kimura 2-Parameter genetic distances were calculated in MEGA6 software. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity within population and Φ st -value among populations were estimated in Arlequin software. Phylogenetic relationship was reconstructed using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA6 software based on Kimura 2-parameter model with 1000 pseudobootstraps. Taxonomic identification results in 99% sequences homology to Osphronemus goramy sequences (accession number KU984978.1 and AY763768.1), means that all strains belong to single species. Low genetic distances, medium haplotype and low-level nucleotide diversity were observed among strains. Pairwise Φ st -comparison indicates no genetic differences among Sumatera strain, whereas strong genetic structures observed between Sumatera and Mandiangin strains. The phylogenetic tree showed that Mandiangin formed separate subclades from other strains with bootstraps value of 100%. This finding has important implication for breeding sciences and efforts.

Molecular Characterization Reveals Genetic Differences Between Wild and Captive Populations of Mandiangin Giant Gourami (Osphronemus goramy)

“…Our finding was similar to the result from Apostolidis et al (2008) who also reported significant genet-Jurnal Biodjati 4(1):1-10, May 2019 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati ic different among Salmo truta populations. Similar result was also reported by Nuryanto & Pulungsari (2017); Nuryanto et al (2018) who also observed significant genetic different among giant gourami strains from Sumatera, Java, and Kalimantan. This means that the CO1 gene, either as sequences or RFLP markers is reliable for strains and populations differentiation study.…”

“…Molecular characterization has been done to several strains of giant gourami, such as Soang Strain (Sari et al, 2014;Azizah et al, 2015;Septiawan et al, 2017) and Batanghari, Tambago and Orange Strains (Nuryanto et al, 2018). Similar study has also been done on Mandiangin Strain using partial sequences of cytochrome b gene and proved that Mandiangin Strain was genetically different from Soang, Tambago, Orange and Batanghari Strains (Nuryanto & Pulungsari, 2017). Nevertheless, Nuryanto & Pulungsari (2017) was unable to differentiate between wild and captive populations of Mandiangin Strain because they used rather less polymorphic genetic marker which was cytochrome b gene.…”

“…Similar study has also been done on Mandiangin Strain using partial sequences of cytochrome b gene and proved that Mandiangin Strain was genetically different from Soang, Tambago, Orange and Batanghari Strains (Nuryanto & Pulungsari, 2017). Nevertheless, Nuryanto & Pulungsari (2017) was unable to differentiate between wild and captive populations of Mandiangin Strain because they used rather less polymorphic genetic marker which was cytochrome b gene. Therefore, polymorphic genetic marker is needed to differentiate between cultivated and wild populations of Mandiangin Strain such as cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COX1/CO1) gene.…”

“…According to (Setijaningsih et al, 2007), five strains of giant gourami have been cultivated in Java that is Soang, Jepang, Paris, Bastar and Porcelain Strains. Moreover, Nuryanto & Pulungsari (2017) also reported that Tambago, Orange and Batanghari Strains have been widely cultivated in Sumatera, while Mandiangin Strain newly developed in Mandiangin, South Kalimantan.…”