Molecular Biology of Mycoplasmas

Dybvig, Kevin; Voelker, LeRoy L.

doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.50.1.25

Cited by 184 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…A dificuldade em tipificar isolados de campo é freqüente devido às semelhanças antigênicas das cepas e também pela presença de cepas intermediárias entre alguns sorotipos ou sorogrupos. Isto se deve principalmente a sua alta plasticidade genotípica (Dybvig & Voelker 1996, Rottem 2003, Razin et al 2008, assim com frequencia estas cepas podem se adaptar a diferentes hospedeiros, tornando mais difícil o diagnóstico em amostras de campo em animais assintomáticos.…”

Section: Resultados Isolamento E Identificaçãounclassified

Detecção do Grupo Mycoplasma mycoides por imunoperoxidase indireta (IPI) e PCR-REA em conduto auditivo de bovinos

et al. 2010

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465Pesq. Vet. Bras. 30(5): 465-469, maio 2010 RESUMO.-O Grupo Mycoplasma mycoides (GMM) foi diagnosticado por PCR-REA e imunoperoxidase indireta (IPI) em amostras de lavados de conduto auditivo de bovinos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 60 bovinos foram selecionados aleatoriamente. As lavagens foram feitas com uso de seringas estéreis contendo um volume de 60 mL de solução salina tamponada (PBS pH 7.2). As amostras obtidas foram estocadas em glicerol (1:2) e congeladas a -20 o C até uso. Estas amostras foram diluídas até 10 -5 e repicadas em meio Hayflick modificado, sólido e líquido, Mycoplasma mycoides cluster (MMC) was diagnosed by polimerase chain reactionrestriction endonuclease analysis (PCR-REA) and indirect immunoperoxidase (IPI), both, carried out in flushing from external ear canal, collected from bovine at slaughter time in the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern, Brazil. A total of 60 bovines were randomly selected. Sterile syringes (60mL) loaded with buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.2) were used for the ear canal flushing. The obtained samples were stored in glycerol (1:2) and frozen at -20 o C until use. These specimens were diluted up to 10 -5 , inoculated in liquid and solid modified Hayflick´s media and incubated at 37 o C for 2-3 days. The plates were kept in a microaerophilia condition and examined every two days under a stereomicroscope for the presence of typical colonies "fried-egg". In this study, 35 strains selected in agreement with their biochemistry and physiologic proprieties, were used. From the 60 cultivated samples, 48 (80.00%) were positive for Mycoplasma spp. Under IPI the prevalence obtained for MMC was 20.0% (12/60) while by PCR-REA it was 41.7% (25/60). The IPI typing of these isolates resulted in 58.3% (7/12) for M.mycoides mycoides LC and 41.7% (5/12) for M. capricolum. PCR-REA for MMC was confirmed by the amplicon size of 785bp, compatible with this group. The Kappa value for the association between these two tests was 0.14 (p>0.05). After restriction analysis with AluI in all MMC strains the fragments size obtained were of 81, 98, 186 and 236bp, but not of 370bp that is compatible with Mycoides mycoides mycoides SC of bovine type. The presence of mycoplasmas species in the ear canal of asymptomatic bovines represent a risk of subsequent propagation of Mycoplasma spp. among bovine herds in Brazil. Detecção do GrupoINDEX TERMS: Mycoplasma mycoides , flushing ear, cattle, PCR-REA diagnostic.

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Section: Resultados Isolamento E Identificaçãounclassified

Detecção do Grupo Mycoplasma mycoides por imunoperoxidase indireta (IPI) e PCR-REA em conduto auditivo de bovinos

et al. 2010

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“…The three Type I CDSs are organized in operons containing all the subunits (hsdR, hsdM, hsdS) of the R-M complex. M. pulmonis contains an hsdS1 gene belonging to the MpuUI system that is regulated by a site-specific DNA inversion event (Dybvig and Voelker, 1996). The two Type II R-M sequences are represented by cytosine-specific methyltransferases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the expression of restriction enzymes by mycoplasmas, at least in some cases, could be important for resistance to phage infection. R-M systems may also be 240 Restriction-modification in Mycoplasmas an effective barrier to gene transfer because any piece of non-methylated DNA is restricted (Dybvig and Voelker, 1996;Razin et al, 1998). However, the majority of the R-M homologous genes found in the genome of M. hyopneumoniae are not restriction endonucleases but are CDSs encoding putative methylase proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restriction-modification systems in Mycoplasma spp

2007

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Restriction and Modification (R-M) systems are present in all Mycoplasma species sequenced so far. The presence of these genes poses barriers to gene transfer and could protect the cell against phage infections. The number and types of R-M genes between different Mycoplasma species are variable, which is characteristic of a polymorphism. The majority of the CDSs code for Type III R-M systems and particularly for methyltransferase enzymes, which suggests that functions other than the protection against the invasion of heterologous DNA may exist. A possible function of these enzymes could be the protection against the invasion of other but similar R-M systems. In Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain J, three of the putative methyltransferase genes were clustered in a region forming a genomic island. Many R-M CDSs were mapped in the vicinity of transposable elements suggesting an association between these genes and reinforcing the idea of R-M systems as mobile selfish DNA. Also, many R-M genes present repeats within their coding sequences, indicating that their expression is under the control of phase variation mechanisms. Altogether, these data suggest that R-M systems are a remarkable characteristic of Mycoplasma species and are probably involved in the adaptation of these bacteria to different environmental conditions.

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“…In contrast, the genomes of the more derived, obligate intracellular bacteria Buchnera (8), Rickettsia (4), Wigglesworthia (9) and Wolbachia (10; all symbionts and parasites of vertebrates, arthropods and nematodes), are only *1 mbp in size, have an overall G + C content as low as *25%, and carry as few as *600 protein coding genes (for a recent review see 11). Mollicutes (mycoplasmas) and the Buchnera genus possess the smallest known bacterial genomes (12): the chromosome of Mycoplasma genitalium is only 0.58 mbp in size and harbors *500 genes (13), while the 0.45-mbp genome of Buchnera-Ap contains *600 genes (10).…”

Section: Parallels Of Genome Evolution In Bacterial Endosymbionts Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallels in Genome Evolution in Mitochondria and Bacterial Symbionts

Burger

Lang

2003

IUBMB Life

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SummaryMitochondria, the energy-producing organelles of the eukaryotic cell, originate from an endosymbiotic a-proteobacterium. These organelles are believed to have arisen only once in evolutionary history, but despite their common ancestry, mitochondrial DNAs vary extensively throughout eukaryotes in genome architecture and gene content. New insights into early mitochondrial genome evolution come from the investigation of primitive mitochondriate eukaryotes, as well as the comparison between mitochondria and intracellular bacterial symbionts. IUBMB Life, 55: 205-212, 2003

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Molecular Biology of Mycoplasmas

Cited by 184 publications

References 193 publications

Detecção do Grupo Mycoplasma mycoides por imunoperoxidase indireta (IPI) e PCR-REA em conduto auditivo de bovinos

Detecção do Grupo Mycoplasma mycoides por imunoperoxidase indireta (IPI) e PCR-REA em conduto auditivo de bovinos

Restriction-modification systems in Mycoplasma spp

Parallels in Genome Evolution in Mitochondria and Bacterial Symbionts

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