We report on time-resolved rotational spectroscopy of benzene molecules both in a gas cell at room temperature (298 K) and in a supersonic expansion (30 K) by femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing (fs-DFWM). A detailed study of the time-dependent structure of the rotational recurrences for the gas cell is presented. Moreover, for the first time, the fs-DFWM technique has been applied to a medium-sized molecule in the collision-free environment of a seeded supersonic expansion up to a time delay of 4 ns. From these data, by fitting of the experimental spectra, a rotational constant B = 5688.95 ± 0.55 MHz was obtained for benzene in the gas cell and B = 5689.25 ± 0.11 MHz for benzene in the supersonic expansion. The combination of gas cell and supersonic jet investigations by fs-DWFM provides a means for the structural study of large and more complex molecules.