Molecular basis of the length variation in the N-terminal part of<i>Mycoplasma synoviae</i>hemagglutinin

Benčina, Dušan; Drobnič-Valič, Magda; Horvat, Simon; Narat, Mojca; Kleven, S. H.; Dovč, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10829.x

Cited by 78 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal region of MSPB proteins of type strain WVU1853 and strain ULB 01/P4 were predicted previously [5] from the 5′-end of the vlhA gene sequence. The proposed N-terminal amino acid sequence (CGDQTPAPEPTPGNPNTDNPQNPN) was the same in both strains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VlhA is post-translationaly cleaved into 2 proteins, the amino terminal lipoprotein portion MSPB and the more antigenically variable C terminal haemagglutinin MSPA. In phenotypically distinct Mycoplasma synoviae populations truncated forms of MSPB (tMSPB) also occur [3,5,6]. Both MSPB and tMSPB contain an amino terminal proline rich region [5], which has been shown to induce strong local and systemic antibody responses in infectious synovitis [3] and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and other effector molecules [7], although the mechanisms underlying this response are still not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diacylated lipopeptide from Mycoplasma synoviae mediates TLR15 induced innate immune responses

Oven

Rus

Dušanić

et al. 2013

Vet Res

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Avian-specific toll like receptor 15 (TLR15) is functionally equivalent to a group of TLR2 family proteins that the mammalian innate immune system utilizes to recognize a broad spectrum of microbe-associated molecular patterns, including bacterial lipoproteins. In this study we examined the role of chicken TLR2 family members in the innate immune response to the avian pathogenic bacterium, Mycoplasma synoviae. We found that Mycoplasma synoviae, and specifically the N-terminal diacylated lipopeptide (MDLP) representing the amino-terminal portion of its mature haemagglutinin protein, significantly induces the expression of TLR15, but not TLR1 and TLR2 in chicken macrophages and chondrocytes. TLR15 activation is specific and depends on diacylation of the lipopeptide. Activation of TLR15 after stimulation with Mycoplasma synoviae and MDLP triggers an increase in the expression of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B and nitric oxide production. Moreover, transfection of avian macrophage cells with small interfering RNA reduces the expression of TLR15 after stimulation with MDLP. This leads to decreased activation of the innate immune response, as measured by nitric oxide production. Additionally, pretreatment of cells with neutralizing anti-TLR15 antibody results in a notable attenuation of MDLP-driven release of nitric oxide. This positive correlation may constitute a mechanism for stimulating the innate immune response against avian mycoplasmas in chicken cells via TLR15.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diacylated lipopeptide from Mycoplasma synoviae mediates TLR15 induced innate immune responses

Oven

Rus

Dušanić

et al. 2013

Vet Res

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“…Based on the genotype classification of Bencina et al [ 26 ] the strain was designated as genotype C subtype 3, whereas, according to the recent classification of Hammond et al, [ 19 ], the M. synoviae isolated from the flamingo represented a new group.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory investigations into the origin of Mycoplasma synoviae isolated from a lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor)

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe role of wild birds in the transmission and spread of mycoplasmas is not clear. Up to now different Mycoplasma species have been isolated from wild birds many of which are not considered pathogens sensu stricto for domestic flocks. This report describes the first isolation of Mycoplasma synoviae in a captive lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) held in a zoo in Italy and the laboratory investigations performed to elucidate its origin. Results showed that the strain was similar to the MS-H vaccine strain using the vlhA methods although no vaccination with this product was used in the zoo.Case presentationThis paper describes investigations into a case in which 10 of 12 adult lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor) died after having recently been moved from the Netherlands to a new zoo in Northern Italy. While most of the birds appeared to have died from the stress of movement and poor adaptation to their new environment, Mycoplasma synoviae, an important poultry pathogen in the layer and meat industry, was isolated for the first time from the trachea of one animal presenting catarrhal tracheitis and fibrinous airsacculitis. Genetic analysis of the conserved region of the vlhA was not able to differentiate the flamingo strain from the MS-H vaccine strain. However differences in the sequences of the obg gene of the flamingo and vaccine strain were detected. A test for temperature-sensitivity (ts) gave a ts− phenotype for the flamingo strain, in contrast to the ts+ status of the MS-H strain. Based on this information and knowing that the flamingos were not vaccinated against M. synoviae, it is highly likely that the flamingo was infected with a genetically similar wild strain by contact with infected birds.ConclusionsThis case provides evidence for the potential role of international trade of ornamental birds as a possible route of introduction of new mycoplasma strains between countries, and moreover highlight that vlhA gene sequencing was not sufficient to discriminate the wild strain isolated from the flamingo from the MS-H vaccine strain.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0680-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Differentiation of vaccine and wild strains is crucial in the control programs. Several molecular techniques are available for the discrimination of the ts + MS-H strain, its ts - re-isolates and field isolates, such as the sequence analysis of the vlhA gene or identification of specific point mutations in the obg gene by high resolution melting-curve (HRM) analysis or mismatch amplification mutation assays (MAMAs) [10–12]. The comparison of the whole genomes of the WVU 1853 parent strain and the MS1 vaccine strain revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the histidine triad motif (HIT) family protein coding gene [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of mismatch amplification mutation assays for the differentiation of MS1 vaccine strain from wild-type Mycoplasma synoviae and MS-H vaccine strains

et al. 2017

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Mycoplasma synoviae is an economically significant pathogen in the poultry industry, inducing respiratory disease and infectious synovitis in chickens and turkeys, and eggshell apex abnormality in chickens. Eradication, medication and vaccination are the options for controlling M. synoviae infection. Currently there are two commercial, live, attenuated vaccines available against M. synoviae: the temperature sensitive MS-H vaccine strain and the NAD independent MS1 vaccine strain. Differentiation of vaccine strains from field isolates is essential during vaccination and eradication programs. The present study provides melt-curve and agarose gel based mismatch amplification mutation assays (MAMA) to discriminate the MS1 vaccine strain from the MS-H vaccine strain and wild-type M. synoviae isolates. The assays are based on the A/C single nucleotide polymorphism at nt11 of a HIT family protein coding gene. The melt- and agarose-MAMAs reliably distinguish the MS1 vaccine strain genotype from the MS-H vaccine strain and wild-type M. synoviae isolate genotype from 102 template number/DNA sample. No cross-reactions with other avian Mycoplasma species were observed. The assays can be performed directly on clinical samples and they can be run simultaneously with the previously described MAMAs designed for the discrimination of the MS-H vaccine strain. The developed assays are applicable in laboratories with limited facilities and promote the rapid, simple and cost effective differentiation of the MS1 vaccine strain.

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Molecular basis of the length variation in the N-terminal part ofMycoplasma synoviaehemagglutinin

Cited by 78 publications

References 26 publications

Diacylated lipopeptide from Mycoplasma synoviae mediates TLR15 induced innate immune responses

Diacylated lipopeptide from Mycoplasma synoviae mediates TLR15 induced innate immune responses

Laboratory investigations into the origin of Mycoplasma synoviae isolated from a lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor)

Development of mismatch amplification mutation assays for the differentiation of MS1 vaccine strain from wild-type Mycoplasma synoviae and MS-H vaccine strains

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