Molecular basis for cytoplasmic localization

King, Mary Lou

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6408(1996)19:3<183::aid-dvg1>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In Drosophila and Xenopus, mRNAs rather than proteins are often asymmetrically distributed (35,42). Segregating mRNAs instead of proteins has the advantage of localizing protein synthesis to the site of the protein's action (6,27,32), which could be an advantage for hydrophobic proteins. In yeast, regulation of mating-type switching requires the concentration of Ash1p within the daughter nucleus (9,54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Yeast, the 3′ Untranslated Region or the Presequence of ATM1 Is Required for the Exclusive Localization of Its mRNA to the Vicinity of Mitochondria

Corral‐Debrinski

Blugeon

Jacq

2000

Molecular and Cellular Biology

130

137

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We isolated mitochondria from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to selectively study polysomes bound to the mitochondrial surface. The distribution of several mRNAs coding for mitochondrial proteins was examined in free and mitochondrion-bound polysomes. Some mRNAs exclusively localize to mitochondrion-bound polysomes, such as the ones coding for Atm1p, Cox10p, Tim44p, Atp2p, and Cot1p. In contrast, mRNAs encoding Cox6p, Cox5a, Aac1p, and Mir1p are found enriched in free cytoplasmic polysome fractions. Aac1p and Mir1p are transporters that lack cleavable presequences. Sequences required for mRNA asymmetric subcellular distribution were determined by analyzing the localization of reporter mRNAs containing the presequence coding region and/or the 3-untranslated region (3UTR) of ATM1, a gene encoding an ABC transporter of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Biochemical analyses of mitochondrion-bound polysomes and direct visualization of RNA localization in living yeast cells allowed us to demonstrate that either the presequence coding region or the 3UTR of ATM1 is sufficient to allow the reporter mRNA to localize to the vicinity of the mitochondrion, independently of its translation. These data demonstrate that mRNA localization is one of the mechanisms used, in yeast, for segregating mitochondrial proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Yeast, the 3′ Untranslated Region or the Presequence of ATM1 Is Required for the Exclusive Localization of Its mRNA to the Vicinity of Mitochondria

Corral‐Debrinski

Blugeon

Jacq

2000

Molecular and Cellular Biology

130

137

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“…There is considerable evidence for active transport of specific mRNAs and proteins in eukaryotic cytoplasm. Examples include microtubule-dependent movement of V g1 mRNA in Xenopus oocytes (Yisraeli et al, 1990), microtubule-dependent localization of several maternal mRNAs for proteins that direct embryonic development (such as bicoid, bicuadal-D, and oskar) in Drosophila oocytes (King, 1996), movement of tubulin monomers from the cell body to the ends of growing axons, in a variety of vertebrate neuronal types, at rates well in excess of those that could be explained by diffusion (Sabry et al, 1995); and, more generally, axonal and dendritic transport of various types. The above studies have not, however, provided a sense of the extent to which a 'typical' eukaryotic mRNA is actively transported.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Transcriptional Control in Gene Networks—Methods, Recent Results, and Future Directions

Smolen

Baxter

Byrne

2000

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology

280

161

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Mathematical models are useful for providing a framework for integrating data and gaining insights into the static and dynamic behavior of complex biological systems such as networks of interacting genes. We review the dynamic behaviors expected from model gene networks incorporating common biochemical motifs, and we compare current methods for modeling genetic networks. A common modeling technique, based on simply modeling genes as ON-OFF switches, is readily implemented and allows rapid numerical simulations. However, this method may predict dynamic solutions that do not correspond to those seen when systems are modeled with a more detailed method using ordinary differential equations. Until now, the majority of gene network modeling studies have focused on determining the types of dynamics that can be generated by common biochemical motifs such as feedback loops or protein oligomerization. For example, these elements can generate multiple stable states for gene product concentrations, state-dependent responses to stimuli, circadian rhythms and other oscillations, and optimal stimulus frequencies for maximal transcription. In the future, as new experimental techniques increase the ease of characterization of genetic networks, qualitative modeling will need to be supplanted by quantitative models for specific systems.

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“…With over 50 different localized RNAs now described, several answers to this question have emerged. (5,6) Cells localize mRNAs (1) to protect themselves from highly deleterious proteins, as with myelin basic protein (MBP) in oligodendrocytes; (2) to sort and concentrate isoforms of cytoskeletal proteins such as actin to different subcellular regions, allowing the precise site and filament composition to be controlled; (3) to help establish and maintain the highly polarized structure of dendrites and axons in neurons; (4) to assemble efficiently highly ordered and dense protein structures, like striated muscle; (5) to distribute asymmetrically regulatory proteins into different cells during cleavage and thereby initiate regional and cellular identity in the embryo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(5) A few model systems are now in use to study the mechanism of RNA localization. These include the oocyte/ embryo of Drosophila, Xenopus, and the ascidian Styela, (6) in addition to the polarized somatic cells, oligodendrocytes, neurons, and fibroblasts. Several excellent reviews have been published recently on RNA localization in somatic cells (7) and Drosophila.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarizing genetic information in the egg: RNA localization in the frog oocyte

1999

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RNA localization is a powerful strategy used by cells to localize proteins to subcellular domains and to control protein synthesis regionally. In germ cells, RNA targeting has profound implications for development, setting up polarities in genetic information that drive cell fate during embryogenesis. The frog oocyte offers a useful system for studying the mechanism of RNA localization. Here, we discuss critically the process of RNA localization during frog oogenesis. Three major pathways have been identified that are temporally and spatially separated in oogenesis. Each pathway uses a different mechanism to effect RNA localization. In some cases, localization elements within the 3' untranslated region have been identified and have provided unique insights into the localization process. This important field is still in its infancy, however, and much remains to be learned. BioEssays 21:546–557, 1999. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Molecular basis for cytoplasmic localization

Cited by 17 publications

References 71 publications

In Yeast, the 3′ Untranslated Region or the Presequence of ATM1 Is Required for the Exclusive Localization of Its mRNA to the Vicinity of Mitochondria

In Yeast, the 3′ Untranslated Region or the Presequence of ATM1 Is Required for the Exclusive Localization of Its mRNA to the Vicinity of Mitochondria

Modeling Transcriptional Control in Gene Networks—Methods, Recent Results, and Future Directions

Polarizing genetic information in the egg: RNA localization in the frog oocyte

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