Molecular Authentication of Panax ginseng Species by RAPD Analysis and PCR-RFLP.

Um, Jae Young; Chung, Hwan Suck; Kim, Mi Sun; Na, Ho Jeong; Kwon, Hyun Woo; Kim, Jeong Joong; Lee, Kangmin; Lee, Seung-Jae; Lim, Jong Phil; Rok, Keum; Hwang, Woo Jun; Lyu, Yeoung Su; An, Nyeon‐Hyoung; Kim, Hyung Min

doi:10.1248/bpb.24.872

Cited by 79 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…50% (high degree of dissimilarity) which is in broad agreement with the geographical distribution of these two genotypes (These two were collected from various location, Nendran from Kerala and Chang Monua were collected from West Bengal) and moreover, this can be attributed to the broad genetic base in the origin of the species. This similarity coefficient values of banana in this study is higher or in the same range with respect to other reported species such as Panax ginseng (19.7 to 49.1%) (Um et al, 2001), Poa trivialis (7 to 74%) (Rajasekar et al, 2006), Rhododendron spp. (26.2-90.6%) (Lanying et al, 2008), Lathyrus sativus (13-66%) (Sedehi et al, 2008), Common bean (19 to 91%) (Tiwari et al, 2005), Ensete ventricosum (16 to 85%) (Birmeta et al, 2002).…”

Section: Analysis Of Polymorphismsupporting

confidence: 77%

Genetic diversity study of some banana genotypes collected from various parts of India through RAPD analysis

Kundu¹,

Bauri²,

Maji³

2018

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Section: Analysis Of Polymorphismsupporting

confidence: 77%

Genetic diversity study of some banana genotypes collected from various parts of India through RAPD analysis

Kundu¹,

Bauri²,

Maji³

2018

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…The main bioactive components in P. ginseng are considered to be ginsenosides, a class of steroidal glycosides. The ginsenoside ingredients in P. ginseng vary, depending on the seasons, extraction methods and cultivating soils (29,30). Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the main ingredients in P. ginseng.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents starvation-induced muscle protein degradation via regulation of AKT/mTOR/FoxO signaling in C2C12 myotubes

Peng

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Skeletal muscle atrophy is often caused by catabolic conditions including fasting, disuse, aging and chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Atrophy occurs when the protein degradation rate exceeds the rate of protein synthesis. Therefore, maintaining a balance between the synthesis and degradation of protein in muscle cells is a major way to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is a primary active ingredient in Panax ginseng, which is considered to be one of the most valuable herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. In the current study, Rg1 was observed to inhibit the expression of MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 in C2C12 muscle cells in a starvation model. Rg1 also activated the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (AKT), and forkhead transcription factor O, subtypes 1 and 3a. This phosphorylation was inhibited by LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. These data suggest that Rg1 may participate in the regulation of the balance between protein synthesis and degradation, and that the function of Rg1 is associated with the AKT/mTOR/FoxO signaling pathway. IntroductionMuscle atrophy is characterized by an increase in protein degradation and reduction in protein synthesis. It is associated with a number of human diseases and catabolic conditions, including fasting, disuse, aging, cancer, neuromuscular diseases, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, HIV-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and sepsis (1-5). Muscle volume shrinking and muscle weakness induced by muscular dystrophy typically disrupt and adversely affect the life of patients (3,6-8). Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanism by which skeletal muscle atrophy is regulated.A large amount of protein hydrolysis has previously been identified to occur during muscle atrophy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been demonstrated to be involved in this process (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). In this system, the proteins are first conjugated into multiple molecules of ubiquitin. The 26S proteasome then recognizes and degrades the ubiquitinated proteins (15,16). Multiple enzymes regulate the protein ubiquitination; these include E1, the ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2, the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and E3 ubiquitin ligases (17,18). E3 ubiquitin ligases serve a major role in the specificity of protein degradation, because the specific binding between the protein substrate and E3 occurs prior to the reaction with ubiquitin (18,19).It has been demonstrated that the insulin-signaling pathway is involved in the inhibition of UPS (20). In this pathway, the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate is stimulated when insulin binds its receptor. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), an intracellular intermediate, is recruited to phosphorylate a serine/threonine kinase, protein kinase B (AKT) during this process. AKT then phosphorylates the forkhead box class O transcription factors, subtype 1 and 3a (FoxO1 and FoxO3a), which pre...

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“…Authentication of medicinal plants by taxonomists or by chemical markers is limited due to the specific knowledge required from the former (NODARI; GUERRA, 1999;SONG et al, 2009) and the lack of trust in the latter that are susceptible to environmental changes (UM et al, 2001;ZHAO et al, 2007). The use of DNA markers in the authentication process can solve some of these problems, as DNA is not susceptible to alteration due to cultivation conditions and can be obtained from a small amount of biological material, even after processed (INFANTE et al, 2006;UJIHARA et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular authentication of Maytenus sp by PCR-RFLP

et al. 2013

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Maytenus aquifolia and Maytenus ilicifolia are native plants from South America and popularly known as 'Espinheira-santa'. Both are used as tea due to their efficiency in the treatment of ulcer, gastritis and indigestion. However, adulteration of processed Maytenus genus tea with Sorocea genus may happen due to their botanical similarity, compromising the quality of the products and opening a derogatory business opportunity that may lead to the discrediting of medicinal plant products. This study aimed to distinguish Maytenus sp and Sorocea bonplandii by PCR-RFLP of a chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic region. Three commercial products of processed tea leaves of Maytenus sp, and in natura leaves of Maytenus sp and S. bonplandii were analyzed. PCR detected unique fragments for all samples in natura. The trnH-psbA region amplicon of both M. ilicifolia and M. aquifolia was 660 bp, and for S. bonplandii was 565 bp. These PCR products can be used as markers to distinguish the two genera. Forty-five percent of the processed samples presented only Maytenus genus, without adulterations. However, the amplification of 38% of the samples suggests adulteration with S. bonplandii while 17% seem to be adulterated with another plant (fragment of 649 bp in brand A and 690 bp in brand B). Three out of the fifteen restriction enzymes were able to detect M. ilicifolia and M. aquifolia in natura and in processed leaf samples. It was concluded that PCR technique is efficient to distinguish Maytenus sp from S. bonplandii, and other adulterating plants in processed commercial products of 'Espinheira-santa' tea. The trnH-psbA spacer of cpDNA is easily amplified and has satisfactory discriminating capacity to help in authentication processes of samples of the genera in natura and in processed plants. Key words: Maytenus aquifolia, Maytenus ilicifolia, Sorocea bonplandii, Celastraceae, Moraceae, trnH-psbA ResumoMaytenus aquifolia e Maytenus ilicifolia são plantas nativas da América do Sul e conhecidas popularmente como "Espinheira-santa". Ambas são usadas como chá devido à sua eficiência no tratamento de gastrite, úlcera e indigestão. No entanto adulteração de chá do gênero Maytenus com o gênero Sorocea pode acontecer devido a sua semelhança botânica e isto compromete a qualidade dos produtos, abrindo uma oportunidade para comércio depreciativo que leva ao descrédito das plantas medicinais. Este estudo teve como objetivo distinguir Maytenus sp e Sorocea bonplandii por PCR-RFLP de DNA da região intergênica do cloroplasto (cpDNA). Três produtos comerciais de chá de Maytenus sp foram analisados, e a análise foi feita também em folhas in natura de Maytenus sp e de S. bonplandii. PCR detectou fragmentos únicos para todas as amostras in natura. O amplicon da região trnH-psbA de M. ilicifolia e M. aquifolia foi de 660 pb e para S. bonplandii foi de 565 pb. Os produtos de PCR podem ser usados como marcadores para distinguir os dois gêneros. Quarenta e cinco por cento das amostras processadas apresentaram apenas o gênero Maytenus, sem adu...

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Molecular Authentication of Panax ginseng Species by RAPD Analysis and PCR-RFLP.

Cited by 79 publications

References 21 publications

Genetic diversity study of some banana genotypes collected from various parts of India through RAPD analysis

Genetic diversity study of some banana genotypes collected from various parts of India through RAPD analysis

Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents starvation-induced muscle protein degradation via regulation of AKT/mTOR/FoxO signaling in C2C12 myotubes

Molecular authentication of Maytenus sp by PCR-RFLP

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