Molecular Antimicrobial Resistance ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaein a Moroccan Area

Abstract

Objectives To identify the prevalence and the types of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) resistance plasmids-mediated penicillin (PPNG) and tetracycline (TRNG), the ciprofloxacin resistance (CRNG), and related risk factors of each types of resistance. Methods The beta-lactamase-producing plasmid types (Africa, Asia, and Toronto), tetM tetracycline resistance plasmid types (America and Dutch), and the determination of the Ser-91 mutation of GyrA were detected by specifics PCRs on 149 diagnosed NG positives samples followed by Hinf1 digestion for tetM and gyrA mutation. Results 135 (90.1%) samples showed a profile of molecular resistance to at least one antibiotic with predominance of ciprofloxacin resistance. In fact, 36 (24.2%) and 69 (46.3%) cases harbored PPNG and TRNG, respectively, and 116 (77.9%) cases showed the mutation Ser-91 of GyrA (CRNG). From a total of 36 PPNG isolates, the Toronto, Asian, and Toronto/Asian types were detected in 13 (36.1%), 10 (27.8%), and 13 (36.1%) cases, respectively, whereas the African type was not detected. In addition, the American type of TRNG was detected in 92.8% (64/69) of cases, while the Dutch type was detected in 7.2% (5/69) of cases. The association of demographics and clinical variables with NG resistance to ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and tetracycline was studied and the risk factors have been determined. Conclusion Resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin among NG samples positives remained at high levels in Morocco as determined by molecular profile. So, the use of molecular tools for NG antimicrobial resistance detection can help in the management and spread limitation of this infection.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolated from South African Pregnant Women

“…In a cohort of pregnant women from Australia, predictors of being infected with N. gonorrhoeae included young age, harmful alcohol use, unwanted pregnancy, low birth weight, perinatal death, and coinfection with other STIs during pregnancy [25]. Other studies have also shown significant associations with sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical factors and N. gonorrhoeae infection [24,26]. However, our study showed no statistical significance with sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical factors in relation to N. gonorrhoeae infection.…”

“…Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the second most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity [1]. A global STI surveillance in 2018 was conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and revealed an estimated 87 million new gonorrhoea infections globally during 2016, with an incidence of 20 cases per 1000 population (uncertainty interval [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] in women [2]. A study conducted in South Africa and Zimbabwe reported an overall prevalence of 0.7% for N. gonorrhoeae infections in women from the general population [3].…”

Comparison of methods for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from South African women attending antenatal care

“…Other studies have shown an association between the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae infections and socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical factors. A study conducted by Karim et al 16 revealed a high prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae in unmarried, educated and urbanised women, suggesting that socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical factors do play a role in the spread of this infection. The current study showed that there is no statistical significance between the socio-demographic and behavioural factors in relation to prevalence (Supplementary data, Appendix 1, Table 1).…”

DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Mutations and their effect on Quinolones Resistant Proteus mirabilis among UTIs Patients

“…Direct Hinf1 digestion of PCR product have been used by many researchers to screen GyrA and ParC genes mutations in different bacteria; S. pneumoniae at positions serine (83) of GyrA and serine (79) of ParC 22 , A. baumannii at positions gyrA (codons 83 and 87) and parC (codons 80 and 84) 23 and N. gonorrhoeae at positions Ser (91) of GyrA 24 were all found significantly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.…”