Abstract:During surveys conducted in 2012–2013, viruslike symptoms of chlorotic spots with, in some cases, a necrotic centre in older leaves were observed in field‐ and greenhouse‐grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), melon (C. melo L.) and squash (Cucurbita sp.) in the major cucurbit cultivation regions in Iran. Leaf samples were collected and tested for the presence of Cucumber leaf spot virus (CLSV, genus Aureusvirus, family Tombusviridae) by a virus specific double‐antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay… Show more
“…It was originally established with two members, Pothos latent virus (PoLV) as a type species and Cucumber leaf spot virus (CLSV) [ 1 ]; currently it contains three additional species, Maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV), Johnsongrass chlorotic stripe mosaic virus (JCSMV) and Yam spherical virus (YSV), as well as the related Sesame necrotic mosaic virus (SNMV), which is not yet formally recognized [ 2 ]. Aureusviruses infect various natural host plants but their individual range is generally restricted to a few species, pothos and pigeon pea or lisianthus for PoLV [ 3 – 5 ], yam for YSV [ 6 ], sesame for SNMV [ 7 ], cucumber, melon or squash for CLSV [ 1 , 8 ] and various Poaceae species, mainly maize (MWLMV, [ 9 , 10 ]) or johnsongrass (JCSMV, [ 2 , 11 ]). Aureusviruses are transmitted mechanically and by seeds.…”
A novel virus infecting elderberry was identified by high-throughput Illumina sequencing of double strand RNAs isolated form elderberry leaves. The complete genome sequence obtained (4512 nucleotides in length) shows an organization typical for aureusviruses, with five open reading frames (ORFs) and the typical ORF1-RT expression by the readthrough of an amber stop codon. The analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and coat protein (CP) sequences showed the highest identity (respectively 75.7% and 55%) with the corresponding amino acid sequences of Pothos latent virus. These two values, below the species demarcation criteria for the genus, indicate that the detected virus is a new member of genus Aureusvirus, family Tombusviridae, with the proposed name Elderberry aureusvirus 1 (ElAV1). A survey confirmed the wide distribution of ElAV1 in elderberry in the Czech Republic. Phylogenetic analyses of RdRp and CP sequences showed distinct microevolution of geographically separated isolates, with a tendency for isolates coming from close localities or from the same region to cluster together but heterogeneity of viral populations down to a local scale was also observed. The symptomatology of the new virus is not fully clear, but many infected trees were either asymptomatic or showed mild chlorotic mosaics. More severe symptoms, potentially impacting yields of flowers or berries, were observed in plants with mixed infections of ElAV1 and other elderberry viruses. Further efforts are now needed to determine ElAV1 prevalence outside the Czech Republic and to unravel its epidemiology.
“…It was originally established with two members, Pothos latent virus (PoLV) as a type species and Cucumber leaf spot virus (CLSV) [ 1 ]; currently it contains three additional species, Maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV), Johnsongrass chlorotic stripe mosaic virus (JCSMV) and Yam spherical virus (YSV), as well as the related Sesame necrotic mosaic virus (SNMV), which is not yet formally recognized [ 2 ]. Aureusviruses infect various natural host plants but their individual range is generally restricted to a few species, pothos and pigeon pea or lisianthus for PoLV [ 3 – 5 ], yam for YSV [ 6 ], sesame for SNMV [ 7 ], cucumber, melon or squash for CLSV [ 1 , 8 ] and various Poaceae species, mainly maize (MWLMV, [ 9 , 10 ]) or johnsongrass (JCSMV, [ 2 , 11 ]). Aureusviruses are transmitted mechanically and by seeds.…”
A novel virus infecting elderberry was identified by high-throughput Illumina sequencing of double strand RNAs isolated form elderberry leaves. The complete genome sequence obtained (4512 nucleotides in length) shows an organization typical for aureusviruses, with five open reading frames (ORFs) and the typical ORF1-RT expression by the readthrough of an amber stop codon. The analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and coat protein (CP) sequences showed the highest identity (respectively 75.7% and 55%) with the corresponding amino acid sequences of Pothos latent virus. These two values, below the species demarcation criteria for the genus, indicate that the detected virus is a new member of genus Aureusvirus, family Tombusviridae, with the proposed name Elderberry aureusvirus 1 (ElAV1). A survey confirmed the wide distribution of ElAV1 in elderberry in the Czech Republic. Phylogenetic analyses of RdRp and CP sequences showed distinct microevolution of geographically separated isolates, with a tendency for isolates coming from close localities or from the same region to cluster together but heterogeneity of viral populations down to a local scale was also observed. The symptomatology of the new virus is not fully clear, but many infected trees were either asymptomatic or showed mild chlorotic mosaics. More severe symptoms, potentially impacting yields of flowers or berries, were observed in plants with mixed infections of ElAV1 and other elderberry viruses. Further efforts are now needed to determine ElAV1 prevalence outside the Czech Republic and to unravel its epidemiology.
The effectiveness of pest and disease management in crops relies on knowledge about their presence and distribution in crop-producing areas. Aphids and whiteflies are among the main threats to vegetable crops since these hemipterans feed on plants, causing severe damage, and are also able to transmit a large number of devastating plant viral diseases. In particular, the widespread occurrence of aphid-transmitted viruses in cucurbit crops, along with the lack of effective control measures, makes surveillance programs and virus epidemiology necessary for providing sound advice and further integration into the management strategies that can ensure sustainable food production. This review describes the current presence and distribution of aphid-transmitted viruses in cucurbits in Spain, providing valuable epidemiological information, including symptom expressions of virus-infected plants for further surveillance and viral detection. We also provide an overview of the current measures for virus infection prevention and control strategies in cucurbits and indicate the need for further research and innovative strategies against aphid pests and their associated viral diseases.
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