Molecular and hormonal regulation of angiogenesis in proliferative endometrium

Abstract

Angiogenesis is a hallmark of wound healing, the menstrual cycle, cancer, and various ischemic and inflammatory diseases. A rich variety of pro and anti-angiogenic molecules have already been identified. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an interesting inducer of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, because it is a highly specific mitogen for endothelial cells. Signal transduction involves binding to tyrosine kinase receptors and results in endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and new vessel formation. In this article, the role of VEGF and other growth factors in the pathology of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is reviewed. We also discuss the role of VEGF expression and interaction with extracellular matrix that lead to possible inhibition or stimulation of Angiogenic factor on endometrium of dysfunctional uterine bleeding patients.

Associations of hysteroscopic features of chronic endometritis with pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization: A retrospective study

“…We suspect that hemorrhagic spots may represent a condition other than overt CE, but since only a small number of patients underwent biopsy and histopathologic examination, this will have to be examined further in future studies. A prior investigation determined that focal or scattered red areas observed by hysteroscopy occur when circulating estrogen levels are high 30 . The in uence of hemorrhagic spots on the intrauterine environment needs further research.…”