Molecular and Cellular Pathways of Immunoglobulin G Activity In Vivo

Abstract

In retrospect, the therapeutic potential of immunoglobulins was first demonstrated by von Behring and Kitasato in the late nineteenth century by protecting mice from the lethal effects caused by tetanus and diphtheria toxin via injection of a hyperimmune serum generated in rabbits. Even today, hyperimmune sera generated from human donors with high serum titers against a certain pathogen are still in use as a means of providing passive protection. More importantly, therapeutic antibodies specific for malignant or autoreactive cells have become included in the standard of care in diseases such as breast cancer and malignant lymphoma. Despite this clinical success, we are only at the beginning of understanding the precise molecular and cellular pathways responsible for immunoglobulin G (IgG) activity in vivo. Since then, an enormous amount of information about the mechanism of IgG activity has been obtained in various model systems. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of how IgG antibodies mediate their activity in vivo and how we can use this knowledge to enhance the activity of therapeutic antibodies or block the proinflammatory and tissue pathology inducing activity of autoantibodies.

An Intranasal Vaccination with a Recombinant Outer Membrane Protein H against Haemorrhagic Septicemia in Swamp Buffaloes

“…Antibodies of the IgG isotype play an essential role against pathogenic microorganisms and revealing the humoral immune responses [28,29]. With regard to our results, the antibody titer profiles in this study were similar to those in a previous study using the rOmpH-based intranasal vaccine against P. multocida challenge exposure in dairy calves [10].…”

Is there a reactive IgG antibody for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in maternal breast milk?

“…Breastfeeding protects infant from infections primarily via secretory antibodies. In the early stages of lactation, IgG has anti-inflammatory factors, and provides passive immunity, which protects them from reinfection (Nimmerjahn, 2014). In the present work, we determined the antibody (IgG) to SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk by home-made ELISA.…”

Aseptic meningitis following therapy with immune globulins: a combination of product features and patient characteristics?

“…One hypothesis that may explain the role of IgG dimers in the development of IG‐associated AM could be that the stable fraction of IgG dimers is predominantly represented by the two subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 . IgG1 has a very pronounced proinflammatory and cytotoxic activity; in addition, it is known that IgG1 and IgG3 are capable of activating the complement system, with activated complement components such as C3a and C5a acting as potent proinflammatory mediators . For example, C5a has been identified as the anaphylatoxin playing a key role in the inflammatory cascade of pneumococcal meningitis.…”