Molecular and Cellular Basis of Microflora-Host Interactions1,

Winkler, Petra; Ghadimi, Darab; Schrezenmeir, Jürgen; Kraehenbuhl, Jean–Pierre

doi:10.1093/jn/137.3.756s

Cited by 133 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…The results suggest that T-cell reactivity was reduced by FLD feeding. This finding is similar to the results obtained after oral administration of probiotics in human subjects or rodents (Pessi et al, 1999;Winkler et al, 2007). Furthermore, we found that the production of inflammation cytokines such as TNF-a and IL-8, also significantly decreases in the blood cells of FLD-fed piglets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Various types of strain-specific immunomodulations can be brought about, as observed in numerous trials (Winkler et al, 2007). With regard to FLD, it has been reported that colostrum from FLD-fed sows showed greater mitogenic activity compared with that from dry feed-fed sows, and improved the health status of their piglets via the colostrum (Demeckova et al, 2002); however, the direct immunomodulatory effects of fermented liquid feed have not been well studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of fermented liquid diet prepared with Lactobacillus plantarum LQ80 on the immune response in weaning pigs

Mizumachi

Aoki

Ohmori

et al. 2009

Animal

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Probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria directly influence the host's health and have beneficial effects such as decreasing the number of enteric pathogens, regulating intestinal immune responses and preventing diseases. Among domestic animals, probiotics have been expected to be an alternative to antibiotics added in the diet; and fermented liquid diet (FLD) containing probiotics has great potential as a diet for reducing the use of antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of FLD, prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum LQ80 (LQ80), on the immune response of weaning pigs. Ten weaning piglets were divided into two groups and were fed the FLD (n 5 5) or a non-fermented liquid diet (NFLD) (n 5 5) for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, the total immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the sera of the FLD-fed piglets were significantly higher than those of the NFLD-fed piglets ( P , 0.05). In contrast, the total immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in the feces and saliva were not significantly affected by FLD feeding. However, the mean fecal IgA levels of FLD-fed piglets at day 28 were higher than those at 14 and 21 days ( P , 0.05). Blood cells from the FLD-fed piglets showed a low level of interferon-g secretion and mitogen-induced proliferation compared to that of the NFLD-fed piglets. Furthermore, the levels of interluekin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-a, which are proinflammatory cytokines, in the blood cells of the FLD-fed piglets were lower than those of the NFLD-fed piglets ( P , 0.05). In conclusion, the FLD used in this study could alter the immune responses of weaning piglets by stimulation of the systemic or mucosal antibody response, without unnecessary inflammatory reactions. This indicates, that the FLD feed prepared with the use of LQ80 may be a candidate feed, with regard to enhancing immune responses and preventing diseases in weaning piglets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fermented liquid diet prepared with Lactobacillus plantarum LQ80 on the immune response in weaning pigs

Mizumachi

Aoki

Ohmori

et al. 2009

Animal

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“…The changes in microflora in response to antibiotics were considered a consequence of a direct effect of antibiotics on the microflora. However, the host itself has a large influence on the composition of the microbiota as a complex and dynamic ecosystem (Reid et al, 2003;Winkler et al, 2007). The different microbial compositions when using antibiotics as antimicrobial growth promoter are a consequence of an altered immune status rather than of a direct effect on the microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been rising number of knowledge how probiotc and prebiotic in feed affect gut and systemic immune competence with changes in gut microbial system (Brisbin et al, 2008;Gionchetti et al, 2006;Janardhana et al, 2009;Kabir, 2009;Lee et al, 2010a and b;Reid et al, 2003;Preidis and Versalovic, 2009;Winkler et al, 2007) although the exact mechanisms that exist in the chicken to control host responses through those non-antibiotics growth promoters are not completely clarified. Probiotics especially lactobacilli could modulate the systemic antibody response to antigens in chicks, and it effect on gut immune response were well studied (Higgins et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Cultures of <I>Aspergillus oryzae </I>on Inflammatory Response and mRNA Expression in Intestinal Immune-Related Mediators of Male Broiler Chicks

Takahashi

2012

J. Poult. Sci.

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Effect of Aspergillus oryzae (CAO) culture on systemic inflammatory response and mRNA expression of immune-related mediators in intestine was studied in male broiler chicks. Feeding CAO alleviated enhancement of early inflammatory response such as changes in acute phase substance and growth performance during immunological stress induced by lipopolysaccharide and Sephadex. Furthermore, changes in mRNA expression of immune-related mediators in the upper and lower intestine at 5 and 14 days of age were investigated in chicks fed a diet with antibiotics, CAO or without both as control. The CAO and antibiotic feeding lowered interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA expression compared to the control group. The expressions of toll like receptor (TLR)-4 mRNA in the antibiotic and CAO fed group were greater than that of the control group at 5 days of age, but not at 14 days of age. The findings suggest that CAO has anti-inflammatory effect and changes in IFN-γ, IL-1β and TLR-4 mRNA in immune-related cells of the gut in the CAO fed chicks appears to be similar to that of the antibiotics fed group. These immune-related mediators in the intestine may be a useful marker to select alternative to antibiotics.

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“…Exposure to a normal microbial flora early in life allows for a change in the lymphocyte T-helper 1 (Th1)/ lymphocyte T-helper 2 (Th2) balance, favoring a Th1 cell response. 4 Atopic diseases, on the contrary, involve Th2 responses to allergens 5 ; abnormal allergic responses are thought to arise in the absence of a normal gut microbiome while the immune system is still developing, 6,7 producing a shift of the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance toward a Th2 response, and a consequent activation of Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, as well as increased production of immunoglobulin (Ig) E. 8 Probiotics, defined as "live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host" by the World Health Organization, 9 can potentially modulate the immune response, resulting in stimulation of Th1 cytokines that can suppress Th2 responses. 8 Several studies were therefore designed to examine the efficacy of probiotics in many allergic disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Administration in Early Life, Atopy, and Asthma: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials

Elazab

Mendy

Gasana³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

234

174

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:The intestinal microbiome may play a role in immune system maturation, and it has been postulated that early-life probiotic administration may reduce the risk of allergies and asthma in childhood. To date, however, results from clinical trials have been inconsistent. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:In this meta-analysis, administration of probiotics in early life may reduce total immunoglobulin E level and protect against atopic sensitization but do not seem to protect against asthma/wheezing. Future trials should carefully select probiotic strains and include longer follow-up. abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Probiotics may reduce the risk of atopy and asthma in children. However, results from clinical trials have been conflicting, and several of them may have been underpowered. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials to assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on atopic sensitization and asthma/wheeze prevention in children. METHODS:Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled risk estimates. Meta-regression was conducted to examine the effect of potential factors on probiotics efficacy.RESULTS: Probiotics were effective in reducing total immunoglobulin E (IgE) (mean reduction: -7.59 U/mL [95% confidence interval (CI): -14.96 to -0.22]; P = .044). Meta-regression showed that the reduction in IgE was more pronounced with longer follow-up. Probiotics significantly reduced the risk of atopic sensitization when administered prenatally (relative risk: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.78 to 0.99]; P = .035 for positive result on the skin prick test and/or elevated specific IgE to common allergens) and postnatally (relative risk: 0.86 [95% CI: 0.75 to 0.98]; P = .027 for positive result on skin prick test). Administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus, compared with other strains, was associated with an increased risk of atopic sensitization (P = .002). Probiotics did not significantly reduce asthma/wheeze (relative risk: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.85 to 1.07]).CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal and/or early-life probiotic administration reduces the risk of atopic sensitization and decreases the total IgE level in children but may not reduce the risk of asthma/wheeze. Follow-up duration and strain significantly modified these effects. Future trials for asthma prevention should carefully select probiotic strain and consider longer follow-up. Pediatrics 2013;132:e666-e676 AUTHORS:

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Molecular and Cellular Basis of Microflora-Host Interactions1,

Cited by 133 publications

References 185 publications

Effect of fermented liquid diet prepared with Lactobacillus plantarum LQ80 on the immune response in weaning pigs

Effect of fermented liquid diet prepared with Lactobacillus plantarum LQ80 on the immune response in weaning pigs

Effect of a Cultures of <I>Aspergillus oryzae </I>on Inflammatory Response and mRNA Expression in Intestinal Immune-Related Mediators of Male Broiler Chicks

Probiotic Administration in Early Life, Atopy, and Asthma: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials

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