Molecular Analysis of Inflammatory Markers in Trauma Patients at Risk of Postinjury Complications

Abstract

Monitoring cytokine expression levels before the disease might predict the outcome of sepsis. A large cohort study is needed to assess the diagnostic potential of the genotypes.

Association between tumor necrosis factor-α promoter −308 A/G polymorphism and susceptibility to sepsis and sepsis mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Figure 3 illustrates that there was no association between TNF2 and sepsis-related mortality with an odds ratio of 1.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-2.70; p ϭ .20). (27) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Jessen et al (25) ϩ ϩ ϩ ϩ Sipahi et al (33) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Garnacho et al (22) ϩ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Watanabe et al (37) ϩ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Nakada et al (29) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Jaber et al (24) Ϫ ϩ ϩ ϩ Gordon et al (23) ϩ ϩ ϩ ϩ Barber et al (18) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Zhang et al (39) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Zhang et al (40) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Treszl et al (36) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ Ϫ Schaaf et al (32) ϩ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Gallagher et al (21) ϩ Ϫ Ϫ ϩ Calvano et al (19) Ϫ ϩ ϩ ϩ O'Keefe et al (31) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Majetschak et al (26) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Waterer et al (38) Ϫ ϩ ϩ ϩ Appolini et al (17) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ Ϫ Tang et al (35) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Nuntayanuwat et al (30) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ Ϫ Mira et al (28) Ϫ ϩ ϩ ϩ Dumon et al (20) Ϫ ϩ Ϫ ϩ Stuber et al (34) Ϫ Stratification by ethnicity indicated that the association between TNF2 polymorphism and susceptibility to sepsis may be more pronounced in Asians as compared with whites (Fig. 4).…”

Association between IL-6-174G/C Polymorphism and the Risk of Sepsis and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Studies were classified as sepsis (fourteen studies), severe sepsis (two studies), septicemia (two studies) and mixed (two studies). Ten records (eleven studies) were performed in adult [19–23,27,29,31,34,35], and the others were in pediatric populations [18,28,30,32,33,36–39]. All of the seven studies about sepsis mortality focused on non-Asian population.…”

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor pathway increase susceptibility to infections in severely injured trauma patients

“…However, both SNPs were previously shown to be unrelated to outcome of Gram-negative sepsis (43) and to sepsis in trauma patients with SIRS in the ICU (13 A limitation of our study is that we retrospectively collected data on clinical manifestations of infection like SIRS, sepsis, and septic shock. Also, cultures were initially collected at the discretion of the physician based on clinical parameters but during the study protocols changed towards routine culturing of all patients.…”

“…Two important SNPS in the TLR2 gene (i.e., T-16934A and R753Q) have been associated with Gram-positive infections, sepsis and septic shock (12,13,26). SNPs in the TLR4 gene (i.e., D299G and T399I) may alter the responsiveness of TLR4 to LPS, and increase the risk of Gram-negative sepsis, bacteremia, and mortality in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (4,27,28).…”

“…TLR2 heterodimers bind polypeptides in the cell walls of bacteria and signal via MyD88 following initial interaction with Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14) (12,13). TLR4 forms a homodimer complex with the MD-2 protein after initial binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expressed by Gram-negative bacteria to CD14 (14).…”