Molecular analysis of <i>spv</i> virulence genes of the salmonella virulence plasmids

Gulig, Paul A.; Danbara, Hirofumi; Guiney, Donald G.; Lax, Alistair J.; Norel, Françoise; Rhen, Mikael

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01172.x

Cited by 296 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…PT11 strains in our study displayed distinct genetic properties which separated PT11 strains from both PT4 and PT8 groups, and included 70 genes in prophages ST104, P2, 186, ST64B, Gifsy-1 and Gifsy-2, and 76 nonprophage genes. Plasmid profiling (data not shown) revealed that PT11 strains possess a large plasmid (~80 kb), whereas strains from PTs 4, 6, 8 and 13a possess the virulence or spv plasmid (~58 kb) (Gulig et al, 1993). In addition, PFGE and MLST separated PT11 from other PTs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of genetic and phenotypic differences associated with prevalent and non-prevalent Salmonella Enteritidis phage types: analysis of variation in amino acid transport

et al. 2009

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In this study, differences at the genetic level of 37 Salmonella Enteritidis strains from five phage types (PTs) were compared using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to assess differences between PTs. There were approximately 400 genes that differentiated prevalent (4, 6, 8 and 13a) and sporadic (11) PTs, of which 35 were unique to prevalent PTs, including six plasmid-borne genes, pefA, B, C, D, srgC and rck, and four chromosomal genes encoding putative amino acid transporters. Phenotype array studies also demonstrated that strains from prevalent PTs were less susceptible to urea stress and utilized L-histidine, L-glutamine, L-proline, L-aspartic acid, gly-asn and gly-gln more efficiently than PT11 strains. Complementation of a PT11 strain with the transporter genes from PT4 resulted in a significant increase in utilization of the amino acids and reduced susceptibility to urea stress. In epithelial cell association assays, PT11 strains were less invasive than other prevalent PTs. Most strains from prevalent PTs were better biofilm formers at 37 6C than at 28 6C, whilst the converse was true for PT11 strains. Collectively, the results indicate that genetic and corresponding phenotypic differences exist between strains of the prevalent PTs 4, 6, 8 and 13a and non-prevalent PT11 strains that are likely to provide a selective advantage for strains from the former PTs and could help them to enter the food chain and cause salmonellosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of genetic and phenotypic differences associated with prevalent and non-prevalent Salmonella Enteritidis phage types: analysis of variation in amino acid transport

et al. 2009

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“…The sp operon contains five genes (sp R, A, B, C, and D) [225] which are apparently highly conserved and are present on a family of serotype associated plasmids (SAP) commonly found in isolates of Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Dublin, Abortusovis, Choleraesuis and Gallinarum, these last four serotypes being HA or HR.…”

Section: The Virulence Plasmidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host adapted serotypes of Salmonella enterica

et al. 2000

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Salmonella constitutes a genus of zoonotic bacteria of worldwide economic and health importance. The current view of salmonella taxonomy assigns the members of this genus to two species: S. enterica and S. bongori. S. enterica itself is divided into six subspecies, enterica, salamae, arizonae, diarizonae, indica, and houtenae, also known as subspecies I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, and VI, respectively [1]. Members of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica are mainly associated with warm-blooded vertebrates and are usually transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected faeces. The pathogenicity of most of the distinct serotypes remains undefined, and even within the most common serotypes, many questions remain to be answered regarding the interactions between the organism and the infected host.Salmonellosis manifests itself in three major forms: enteritis, septicaemia, and abortion, each of which may be present singly or in combination, depending on both the serotype and the host involved. Although currently over 2300 serovars of Salmonella are recognized, only about 50 serotypes are isolated in any significant numbers as human or animal pathogens [2, 3] and they all belong to subspecies enterica. Of these, most cause acute gastroenteritis characterized by a short incubation period and a severe systemic disease in man or animals, characterized by septicaemia, fever and/or abortion, and such serotypes are often associated with one or few host species [4–6].It is the intention of this review to present a summary of current knowledge of these host-adapted serotypes of S. enterica. The taxonomic relationships between the serotypes will be discussed together with a comparison of the pathology and pathogenesis of the disease that they cause in their natural host(s). Since much of our knowledge on salmonellosis is based on the results of work on Typhimurium, this serotype will often be used as the baseline in discussion. It is hoped that an appreciation of the differences that exist in the way these serotypes interact with the host will lead to a greater understanding of the complex host–parasite relationship that characterizes salmonella infections.

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“…Also known as 38 or s , RpoS regulates expression of Ϸ10% of Escherichia coli genes (3), including katE and xthA, which encode hydroperoxidase II catalase and exonuclease III, respectively (4,5). In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, RpoS plays a major role in virulence by controlling expression of the spv plasmid genes (6,7), which govern Salmonella's growth rate in deep organs and are required for systemic infection in mice (8)(9)(10).…”

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confidence: 99%

The PhoP/PhoQ two-component system stabilizes the alternative sigma factor RpoS in Salmonella enterica

Latifi²,

Bougdour³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

122

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The sigma factor RpoS regulates the expression of many stress response genes and is required for virulence in several bacterial species. We now report that RpoS accumulates when Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is growing logarithmically in media with low Mg 2؉ concentrations. This process requires the twocomponent regulatory system PhoP͞PhoQ, which is specifically activated in low Mg 2؉ . We show that PhoP controls RpoS protein turnover by serving as a transcriptional activator of the iraP (yaiB) gene, which encodes a product that enhances RpoS stability by interacting with RssB, the protein that normally delivers RpoS to the ClpXP protease for degradation. Mutation of the phoP gene rendered Salmonella as sensitive to hydrogen peroxide as an rpoS mutant after growth in low Mg 2؉ . In Escherichia coli, low Mg 2؉ leads to only modest RpoS stabilization, and iraP is not regulated by PhoP͞PhoQ. These findings add the sigma factor RpoS to the regulatory proteins and two-component systems that are elevated in a PhoP͞PhoQ-dependent fashion when Salmonella face low Mg 2؉ environments. Our data also exemplify the critical differences in regulatory circuits that exist between the closely related enteric bacteria Salmonella and E. coli.IraP ͉ magnesium ͉ Escherichia coli

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Molecular analysis of spv virulence genes of the salmonella virulence plasmids

Cited by 296 publications

References 69 publications

Identification of genetic and phenotypic differences associated with prevalent and non-prevalent Salmonella Enteritidis phage types: analysis of variation in amino acid transport

Identification of genetic and phenotypic differences associated with prevalent and non-prevalent Salmonella Enteritidis phage types: analysis of variation in amino acid transport

Host adapted serotypes of Salmonella enterica

The PhoP/PhoQ two-component system stabilizes the alternative sigma factor RpoS in Salmonella enterica

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