Mold Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Lemonovich, Tracy L.

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2018.04.006

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Phaeohyphomycosis is an increasingly recognised infection, in which Alternaria is one of the most commonly reported agents, mainly associated with both superficial and deep local infection in patients with impaired immunity, especially due to solid organ transplantation . Pulmonary transplantation, prostrate adenocarcinoma and a multiple pathological clinical history were predisposing factors to induce an immunocompromised condition in our patients to suffer cutaneous infection by this ubiquitous fungal genus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In the last decades, it also emerges as an important human opportunistic pathogenic mould especially affecting immunocompromised patients and commonly causing cutaneous and subcutaneous infections, but cases of rhinosinusitis, oculomycosis, onychomycosis and invasive disease have been also reported . The increasing incidence of alternariosis in immunosuppressed population is mainly due to transplants (bone marrow or solid organ transplant), to patients with cancer treatments or to primary or acquired immunodeficiency . In absence of any standard guidance, multiple therapeutic options have been used for these infections, including thermotherapy, but itraconazole (ITC) has been the antifungal therapy most frequently used and, generally, with a satisfactory outcome .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6] The increasing incidence of alternariosis in immunosuppressed population is mainly due to transplants (bone marrow or solid organ transplant), to patients with cancer treatments or to primary or acquired immunodeficiency. 3,4,[7][8][9] In absence of any standard guidance, multiple therapeutic options have been used for these infections, including thermotherapy, 10 but itraconazole (ITC) has been the antifungal therapy most frequently used and, generally, with a satisfactory outcome. 3,4,11 However, posaconazole (PSC) is currently chosen as a better option since it usually has lower minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, a better body tissues distribution and less drug interactions than ITC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyphasic identification of three new species in Alternaria section Infectoriae causing human cutaneous infection

Iturrieta-González

Pujol

Iftimie

et al. 2019

Mycoses

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Summary Background Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is an emerging disease in immunocompromised patients, being Alternaria one of the most common genera reported as a causative agent. Species identification is not carried out mainly due to the complexity of the genus. Analysis of the ITS barcode has become standard for fungal identification, but in Alternaria it is only able to discriminate among species‐groups or sections. Methods We present three cases of cutaneous infection caused by Alternaria isolates morphologically identified as belonging to section Infectoriae. They have been morphologically characterised and phylogenetically delineated with five molecular markers (ITS, ATPase, gapdh, rpb2 and tef1). Results Mycotic infections have been diagnosed by repeated cultures and histopathological examination in two of the cases. The polyphasic approach has allowed to delineate three new species of Alternaria section Infectoriae, that is A anthropophila, A atrobrunnea and A guarroi. ATPase has been the only locus able to discriminate most of the species (29 out of 31) currently sequenced in this section, including A infectoria the commonest reported species causing alternariosis. Susceptibility test showed different antifungal patterns for the three species, although terbinafine was the most active in vitro drug against these fungi. Conclusions The ATPase gene is recommended as an alternative barcode locus to identify Alternaria clinical isolates in section Infectoriae. Our results reinforce the relevance of identification of Alternaria isolates at the species level and the necessity to carry out antifungal susceptibility testing to determine the most adequate drug for treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyphasic identification of three new species in Alternaria section Infectoriae causing human cutaneous infection

Iturrieta-González

Pujol

Iftimie

et al. 2019

Mycoses

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“…Invasive infections in humans are limited to a small set of species within the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus fumigatus causes the fast majority of infections among all aspergilli [19,34]. Although A. terreus s.l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic species of Aspergillus section Terrei display essential physiological features to cause infection and are similar in their virulence potential in Galleria mellonella

et al. 2019

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Aspergillus species account for the majority of invasive mold infections in immunocompromised patients. Most commonly, members of the Aspergillus section Fumigati are isolated from clinical material, followed by isolates belonging to section Terrei. The section Terrei contains 16 accepted species. Six species were found to be of clinical relevance and studied for differences in growth adaptability and virulence potential. Therefore, a set of 73 isolates (22 A. terreus s.s., 8 A. alabamensis, 27 A. citrinoterreus, 2 A. floccosus, 13 A. hortai, and 1 A. neoafricanus) was studied to determine differences in (a) germination kinetics, (b) temperature tolerance, (c) oxygen stress tolerance (1% O 2 ), and (d) a combination of the latter two. Virulence potential of phialidic (PC) and accessory conidia (AC) was studied in G. mellonella larvae, using survival as read out. Further, the formation of AC was evaluated in larval tissue. All isolates were able to grow at elevated temperature and hypoxia, with highest growth and germination rates at 37°C. A. terreus s.s., A. citrinoterreus, and A. hortai exhibited highest growth rates. Virulence potential in larvae was inoculum and temperature dependent. All species except A. floccosus formed AC and germination kinetics of AC was variable. Significantly higher virulence potential of AC was found for one A. hortai isolate. AC could be detected in larval tissue 96 h post infection. Based on these findings, cryptic species of section Terrei are well adapted to the host environment and have similar potential to cause infections. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Immune deficiency is the most common condition associated with opportunistic infection, including malignant disease, organ transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (Bunch and Crook, 1998). Opportunistic airborne micro-organisms include fungi (moulds, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Zygomycetes species, Fusarium, Coccidiodes immitis, and yeasts such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis jirovecii) and bacteria (e.g., Mycobacterium Avium Complex, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus) (Brandt and Warnock, 2007;Clifton and Peckham, 2010;Lande et al, 2018;Lemonovich, 2018;Lin, 2009;Ma et al, 2018).…”

Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaerosols and Health: Current Knowledge and Gaps in the Field of Waste Management

Schlosser

2018

Detritus

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The development of biodegradable waste recycling leads to increased amounts of decaying organic materials handled, and encourages the conditions in which workers, households and neighbouring communities are potentially exposed to bioaerosols. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and gaps regarding the health risks associated to bioaerosols in the field of municipal solid waste (MSW) and commercial and industrial waste (C&IW) management. Additional objective was to identify priority issues for research in order to improve knowledge and prevention. Overall, 368 studies have been selected. Strong qualitative evidence links occupational exposure to bioaerosols in the waste industry to adverse effects on health including long-term respiratory disease, notably in the fields of composting, mechanical biological treatment (MBT) and materials recovery facilities (MRF). The literature review highlighted numerous gaps in knowledge about exposure and health effects of bioaerosols that need to be addressed to assess the risk. Most importantly, valid and standardized methods for quantitative exposure assessment are needed. Identification of environmental indicators, estimate of factors influencing the level of bioaerosol exposure at the workplace, well-designed epidemiological studies and validation of dispersion models are other priority issues.

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Mold Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Cited by 26 publications

References 80 publications

Polyphasic identification of three new species in Alternaria section Infectoriae causing human cutaneous infection

Polyphasic identification of three new species in Alternaria section Infectoriae causing human cutaneous infection

Cryptic species of Aspergillus section Terrei display essential physiological features to cause infection and are similar in their virulence potential in Galleria mellonella

Bioaerosols and Health: Current Knowledge and Gaps in the Field of Waste Management

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