Cryptic species of Aspergillus section Terrei display essential physiological features to cause infection and are similar in their virulence potential in Galleria mellonella

The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus poses a serious health threat to humans by causing numerous invasive infections and a notable mortality in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. Mould-active azoles are the frontline therapeutics employed to treat aspergillosis. The global emergence of azole-resistant A . fumigatus isolates in clinic and environment, however, notoriously limits the therapeutic options of mould-active antifungals and potentially can be attributed to a mortality rate reaching up to 100 %. Although specific mutations in CYP 51A are the main cause of azole resistance, there is a new wave of azole-resistant isolates with wild-type CYP 51A genotype challenging the efficacy of the current diagnostic tools. Therefore, applications of whole-genome sequencing are increasingly gaining popularity to overcome such challenges. Prominent echinocandin tolerance, as well as liver and kidney toxicity posed by amphotericin B, necessitate a continuous quest for novel antifungal drugs to combat emerging azole-resistant A . fumigatus isolates. Animal models and the tools used for genetic engineering require further refinement to facilitate a better understanding about the resistance mechanisms, virulence, and immune reactions orchestrated against A . fumigatus . This review paper comprehensively discusses the current clinical challenges caused by A . fumigatus and provides insights on how to address them.

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“…neoafricanus ) ( Zoran et al. 2018 , Lackner et al. 2019 ).…”

Section: Taxonomy and Prevalence Of Clinically Important Aspergillus Speciesunclassified

Aspergillus fumigatusand aspergillosis: From basics to clinics

Arastehfar

Carvalho

Houbraken

et al. 2021

Studies in Mycology

141

112

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“…The production of aleurioconidia by A. terreus s.s., A. carneus, A. flavipes, and A. niveus seems to be a unique feature among the Aspergillus species. These morphologically distinct lateral conidia (aleurioconidia) are attached directly to hyphae and their function is as yet unknown [28].…”

Section: Aspergillusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quiet and Underappreciated Rise of Drug-Resistant Invasive Fungal Pathogens

Arastehfar

Lass‐Flörl

Garcia-Rubio

et al. 2020

JoF

Self Cite

101

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Human fungal pathogens are attributable to a significant economic burden and mortality worldwide. Antifungal treatments, although limited in number, play a pivotal role in decreasing mortality and morbidities posed by invasive fungal infections (IFIs). However, the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris and Candida glabrata and acquiring invasive infections due to azole-resistant C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and Aspergillus spp. in azole-naïve patients pose a serious health threat considering the limited number of systemic antifungals available to treat IFIs. Although advancing for major fungal pathogens, the understanding of fungal attributes contributing to antifungal resistance is just emerging for several clinically important MDR fungal pathogens. Further complicating the matter are the distinct differences in antifungal resistance mechanisms among various fungal species in which one or more mechanisms may contribute to the resistance phenotype. In this review, we attempt to summarize the burden of antifungal resistance for selected non-albicansCandida and clinically important Aspergillus species together with their phylogenetic placement on the tree of life. Moreover, we highlight the different molecular mechanisms between antifungal tolerance and resistance, and comprehensively discuss the molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance in a species level.

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“…Therefore, our results suggest that urease‐positive strains present in certain proportion in the population of the fungus, and represent natural variation of T rubrum sensu stricto , not an independent entity. Lackner et al 65 obtained comparable results, studying virulence potential of closely related Aspergillus species from the section Terrei . They concluded that virulence is a strain‐specific rather than species‐specific feature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Genotyping of Russian isolates of fungal pathogen Trichophyton rubrum, based on simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism

Pchelin

Mochalov

Azarov

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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Trichophyton rubrum is an ascomycete from the order Onygenales. It is prevalent fungus of medical importance in most countries due to its major contribution to the aetiology of toenail onychomycosis and foot skin mycosis. 1 Trichophyton rubrum sensu stricto is a part of species group, which also includes T violaceum and T soudanense along with several forms, potentially deserving species status. All of these can be differentiated by ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences. 2-6 Statistical analysis of genetic

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Cryptic species of Aspergillus section Terrei display essential physiological features to cause infection and are similar in their virulence potential in Galleria mellonella

Cited by 16 publications

References 60 publications

Aspergillus fumigatusand aspergillosis: From basics to clinics

Aspergillus fumigatusand aspergillosis: From basics to clinics

The Quiet and Underappreciated Rise of Drug-Resistant Invasive Fungal Pathogens

Genotyping of Russian isolates of fungal pathogen Trichophyton rubrum, based on simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism

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