Moisture-dependent Physical Properties of Detarium microcarpum Seeds

Abstract

Purpose: Physical properties of Detarium microcarpum seeds were investigated as a function of moisture content to explore the possibility of developing bulk handling and processing equipment. Methods: Seed size, surface area, and 1,000-seed weight were determined by measuring the three principal axes, measuring area on a graph paper, and counting and weighing seeds. Particle and bulk densities were determined using liquid displacement and weight in a measuring cylinder, respectively. Porosity was computed from particle and bulk densities. Roundness and sphericity were measured using shadowgraphs. Angle of repose and static and kinetic coefficients of friction were determined using the vertical cylindrical pipe method, an inclined plane, and a kinetic coefficient of friction apparatus. Results: In the moisture range of 8.2%-28.5% (db), the major, intermediate, and the minor axes increased from 2.95 to 3.21 cm, 1.85 to 2.61 cm, and 0.40 to 1.21 cm, respectively. Surface area, 1,000-seed weight, particle density, porosity, and angle of repose increased from 354.62 to 433.19 cm 2 , 3.184 to 3.737 kg, 1060 to1316 kg/m 3 , and 30.0% to 53.1%, respectively, whereas bulk density decreased from 647.6 to 617.2 kg/m 3 . Angle of repose increased from 13.9° to 28.4°. Static and kinetic coefficients of friction varied between 0.096 and 0.638 on different structural surfaces. Conclusions: Arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and equivalent sphere effective diameters determined at the same moisture level were significantly different from each other, with the arithmetic mean diameter being greatest. Surface area, 1,000-seed weight, particle density, porosity, and angle of repose all increased linearly with moisture content. Bulk density decreased linearly with moisture content. The coefficients of friction had linear relationships with moisture content. The highest values of static and kinetic coefficients of friction were observed on galvanized steel and hessian fabric, respectively, whereas the lowest values were observed on fiberglass.

Some technical properties of dried Terminalia chebula (kara halile) for use in harvest and post-harvest processing

“…Both static and dynamic friction coefficients for T. chebula dried fruit increased linearly with moisture content and varied with used structural surfaces. This trend was consistent with the findings of the previous studies (Aviara et al, 2014(Aviara et al, , 2015Shafaei et al, 2016).…”

Biological Activity and Chemical Composition of Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr—A Systematic Review

“…It is also known by its traditional name, Abu Laila, in western Sudan. In Senegal, it is called dank; in Mali, it is called tamba dala [ 16 , 48 ]. To prevent infection, wounds can be treated with fresh bark or leaves, and the powder made from boiled bark can be used as a painkiller [ 49 ].…”

“…The bark's infusion is said to have antiparasitic, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory properties, while the fruits and leaves are used to cure diarrhea and syphilis [ 34 ]. There are African tribes that use the fruit and leaves as a vegetable and as a seasoning for their food [ 16 , 48 ]. Diarrhea and syphilis can be treated with bark infusion, while dysentery and syphilis can be treated with fruits and leaves, respectively [ 12 , 50 ].…”

Physical properties of Irvingia gabonensis, Detarium microcapum, Mucuna pruriens and Brachystegia eurycoma seeds

“…The variation in values may be as a result of the grinding of the sample. Aviara et al (2015), however, reported average values of 17.3 mm, 1316 kg m À3 , 653 kg m À3 , 3.184 kg,35%, and 58% for arithmetic mean diameter, particle density, bulk density, 1000-unit mass, porosity, and sphericity at a MC of 8.2% db. The differences are likely because of different moisture contents and different size composition of the experimental samples.…”