“…31 The increase in the EIW filler addition shows increment in the water uptake tendency. Many researchers 11,32 have reported similar results as in the particle-reinforced polymer composite. Figure 11.Water absorption plot of hybrid composite.EIW: electrical insulator waste.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 55%
“…Manoj et al. 11 have investigated the effect of egg shell fine particles in epoxy polymer composite, under different environmental conditions. They reported that moisture absorption is directly proportional to the filler content.…”
This paper deals with the influence of inorganic electrical insulator waste filler on the properties of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite. The electrical insulator waste fillers were uniformly mixed in the resin through ultrasonication technique. Composites were made up with different percentages of filler (0, 5, 10, 20 wt%) and 20 wt% glass fiber using the hand lay-up method. Physical, mechanical, water absorption, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties were studied. The experimental results indicate an increase in water absorption and density of composites with increased electrical insulator waste filler in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the filler addition reduces the tensile strength and increases the flexural strength to 402 MPa at 20% addition. The thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the incorporation of electrical insulator waste filler increases the thermal stability considerably. Dynamic property reveals the damping property of the materials, in which the incorporation of 20% filler leads to higher storage modulus. Particle dispersion and failure mode were analyzed using scanning electron microscope. This work highlights the possibility for reprocessing electrical insulator waste as low-cost reinforcement in polymer composites.
“…31 The increase in the EIW filler addition shows increment in the water uptake tendency. Many researchers 11,32 have reported similar results as in the particle-reinforced polymer composite. Figure 11.Water absorption plot of hybrid composite.EIW: electrical insulator waste.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 55%
“…Manoj et al. 11 have investigated the effect of egg shell fine particles in epoxy polymer composite, under different environmental conditions. They reported that moisture absorption is directly proportional to the filler content.…”
This paper deals with the influence of inorganic electrical insulator waste filler on the properties of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite. The electrical insulator waste fillers were uniformly mixed in the resin through ultrasonication technique. Composites were made up with different percentages of filler (0, 5, 10, 20 wt%) and 20 wt% glass fiber using the hand lay-up method. Physical, mechanical, water absorption, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties were studied. The experimental results indicate an increase in water absorption and density of composites with increased electrical insulator waste filler in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the filler addition reduces the tensile strength and increases the flexural strength to 402 MPa at 20% addition. The thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the incorporation of electrical insulator waste filler increases the thermal stability considerably. Dynamic property reveals the damping property of the materials, in which the incorporation of 20% filler leads to higher storage modulus. Particle dispersion and failure mode were analyzed using scanning electron microscope. This work highlights the possibility for reprocessing electrical insulator waste as low-cost reinforcement in polymer composites.
“…[19][20][21][22] A recent common trend among researchers focuses on the use of waste fillers, which can minimize the price of a finished product in some cases, improving the material's properties, while also helping to reduce the evergrowing amount of waste. [23,24] Many researchers has used bio-waste such as, cow bone, [25] wheat gluten, [26] rice husk, [27] coconut shell, [28] goat bone, [29] and eggshells, [30,31] as reinforcement in epoxy resin.…”
Mechanical properties like tensile strength and impact strength play a significant role in the development of composites and composites with lightweight and improved mechanical properties are desirable. In the current research work, a novel composite consisting of carbon, jute, and porcine bone powder is fabricated using compression molding techniques. The experimentation was carried out as per the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Before experimentation, the jute fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) to achieve better adhesion with the polymer matrix. The composite was fabricated at different input parameters viz.: NaOH concentration, PBP size, and PBP wt%, whereas tensile strength and impact strength are considered as performance characteristics. Moreover, a statistical approach (i.e., ANOVA) was applied to determine the significant parameters and their influence on the performance characteristics. All the experiments were conducted as per ASTM standards. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to analyze the effect of NaOH treatment on jute fiber, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were used to perform the fractographic analysis. The study revealed that among the various parameters, NaOH % has the most significant influence on tensile strength (39.7%) and impact strength (37.8%). Further, optimization was performed using genetic programming, and an improvement of tensile strength by 10% and impact strength by 15% was observed.
“…A biocomposite utilizes biowaste as reinforcement thereby reducing the burden on the environment and it is economical. Several biowastes found use as reinforcement with the epoxy resin such as jute, 8 bamboo, 9,10 rice husk, 11 coconut shell, 12 coir fiber, 13 and eggshells, 14,15 and so on. The eggshells are one major waste dumps produced worldwide, although the eggshells are biodegradable, huge production of egg on a daily basis requires a large area for dumping and one of the major pollution risk due to such huge eggshells stock is a potential source of pathogens growth.…”
In the present work, the mechanical and the tribological properties of eggshell nanoparticulate epoxy biocomposite were studied. The nanoparticles of eggshell were synthesized by planetary ball milling technique. Synthesized eggshell nanoparticulate were characterized with the aid of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Fabrication of eggshell nanoparticulate epoxy biocomposite was done by hand lay-up technique with different weight percentages (1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%) of eggshell nanoparticles. To examine the solid particle erosion behavior of eggshell nanoparticulate epoxy biocomposite, four different impact angles (30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) and three different velocities (101 m s−1, 119 m s−1, 148 m s−1) were chosen. The effect of eggshell nanoparticles incorporation on the tensile properties, hardness, and the flexural properties was also investigated. The fractured surfaces of the tensile test, flexural test, and erosion test samples were examined with a SEM for morphological analysis. It was found that the eggshell nanoparticulate addition has a fruitful effect on tensile and flexural strength. The maximum tensile strength was found for 2 wt% nanoparticles addition, while the maximum flexural strength was found for 3 wt% of nanoparticles addition. The sand erosion study established a maximum wear rate at 60° of impact angle. The maximum erosion resistance was found in 2 wt% of eggshell nanoparticulate concentration.
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