Modulatory Effects ofEschscholzia californicaAlkaloids on Recombinant GABA_AReceptors

Abstract

The California poppy (Eschscholzia californica Cham.) contains a variety of natural compounds including several alkaloids found exclusively in this plant. Because of the sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects, this herb is currently sold in pharmacies in many countries. However, our understanding of these biological effects at the molecular level is still lacking. Alkaloids detected in E. californica could be hypothesized to act at GABAA receptors, which are widely expressed in the brain mainly at the inhibitory interneurons. Electrophysiological studies on a recombinant α 1 β 2 γ 2 GABAA receptor showed no effect of N-methyllaurotetanine at concentrations lower than 30 μM. However, (S)-reticuline behaved as positive allosteric modulator at the α 3, α 5, and α 6 isoforms of GABAA receptors. The depressant properties of aerial parts of E. californica are assigned to chloride-current modulation by (S)-reticuline at the α 3 β 2 γ 2 and α 5 β 2 γ 2 GABAA receptors. Interestingly, α 1, α 3, and α 5 were not significantly affected by (R)-reticuline, 1,2-tetrahydroreticuline, codeine, and morphine—suspected (S)-reticuline metabolites in the rodent brain.

Variation of Secondary Metabolites in the Aerial Biomass ofCryptocarya alba

“…17 There is enough information to attribute greater relevance to phenolic compounds due to the abundance of chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and quercitrin. Gallic acid (22), caffeic acid (23), astilbin (24), and taxifolin (25) were found in small quantities, and it was not possible to demonstrate the presence of ferulic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, myricetin, kaempferol, and p-coumaric acid, which had been reported previously. 5,17 It has been proposed that one of the main functions of phenolic compounds in plants is to combat the damage caused by light via free radical generation.…”

An examination of naturopathic treatment of non-specific gastrointestinal complaints: comparative analysis of two cases

“…Further, the effective management of specific IBS symptoms utilizing Biointol, comprised of beta glucans, inositol and a mixture of digestive enzymes similar to those prescribed to Jane, have also been demonstrated in clinical research 54, 55. These same claims cannot be made of Rona’s herbal treatment due to the individualised nature of the formula, however, research does suggest potential clinical value for each individual herb specific to Rona’s case 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67. While minimal evidence establishes the effectiveness of some commercial formulas for IBS treatment, research utilizing specific commercial preparations, exclusively for FGID, appears unexplored.…”

The potential effect of pandan wangi leaf “pandanus amaryllifolius roxb.’’ extract from Indonesia as time sleep inductor

“…(S) -reticuline acts as a positive allosteric modulator in α3, α5, and α6 isoforms of GABA-A receptors. When GABA-A ionotropic receptors are bound there will be cell hyperpolarization resulting in a reduction in action potential where it will provide a hypnotic-sedative effect [12,13] Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid that functions as the main neurotransmitter inhibitor in the central nervous system (CNS). Nearly 40% of synapses in the central nervous system are GABA neurotransmitters, and GABA-A receptors can be found almost throughout the surface of the brain [17] (Mohler, 2001).…”