Modulatory Effects of Deltamethrin on Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and Lipid Peroxidation in Carassius auratus gibelio Liver and Intestine

Abstract

Pyrethroids, such as deltamethrin, are toxic substances that lead to generation of reactive oxygen species, which harm living organisms. We assessed the level and patterns of imbalance evolved by a single dose of 2 microg/L deltamethrin on the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system of Carassius auratus gibelio liver and intestine, and monitored the recovery dynamics of these parameters during a 14-day post-exposure period. LPO and antioxidative defense mechanisms displayed different responses in the investigated tissues. Sudden increase of LPO in the liver, persisting at this elevated level throughout the test period, was observed on the third day post-exposure, while in the intestine significant enhancement of this parameter was recorded from the seventh day. Reduced glutathione (GSH) showed a transient increase in the liver, and was depleted in the intestine by the second day of exposure, with signs of recovery by the end of the experimental tenure. In the liver of fish a temporary inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and activation of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes was observed, with maximum thresholds recorded on the third and second days, respectively. In the intestine a relevant increase in CAT and GST activity up to the second day and almost complete recovery by the end of the experiment was recorded, while for GR a continuous enhancement was apparent.

The Impact on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Related Gene Expression Following Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposure to Dimethyl Phthalate

“…Similar results were also observed in the livers of Carassius auratus injected intraperitoneally with 17 different phthalates at a concentration of 10 mg/kg for 10 days [25]. Many previous studies have shown that oxidative stress status is interrelated with pollutant exposure, which is a possible regulation of the toxicity of these chemicals [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59].…”

Synthetic pyrethroids (Type II) and freshwater fish culture: Perils and mitigations

“…In another study, deltamethrin was observed to be significantly inhibiting rainbow trout carbonic anhydrase enzymes invitro and invivo (Ekinci and Beydemir 2010). It was reported that deltamethrin caused gradual decrease on activities of different antioxidant enzymes in the first 3 days (Dinu et al 2010). Similar inhibition in metabolic enzyme activities in C. catla fingerlings were reported (Vani et al 2011).…”

Effect of Funalia trogii in heart tissue of rats exposed to deltamethrin

“…Recent studies indicate that pesticide intoxication produce oxidative stress by the generation of free radicals and induce tissue lipid peroxidation in mammals and other organisms [27][28][29]. In addition, free radicals have been shown to be key mediators of myocardial reperfusion injury and lipid peroxidation [30].…”