Modulation of the murine microbiome with a concomitant anti-obesity effect by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus sakei NR28

Abstract

The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) constitutes the major part of the total human microbiome and is considered to be an important regulator of human health and host metabolism. Numerous investigations in recent years have focused on the connection between the human microbiota and metabolic diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes and atherosclerosis. Yet, little is known about the impact of probiotic consumption on the GIT microbial population and the potential effect on chronic diseases. In this study, the modulation of the microbial community in the murine small intestine resulting from probiotic feeding was investigated and was found to be associated with an anti-obesity effect. Changes in the microbiota of the mouse faeces and small intestine were monitored using quantitative real-time PCR and by following the mRNA expression levels of various obesity-related biomarkers following probiotic feeding in a mouse model. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus sakei NR28 (a putative probiotic strain isolated from kimchi) were administered at a daily level of approximately 1×10(8) viable bacteria per mouse (C57BL/6J mice) for up to three weeks. Feeding these strains resulted in a significant reduction of epididymal fat mass, as well as obesity-related biomarkers like acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in the liver. The total number and ratio of the microbial groups, i.e. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Clostridium cluster I and XIVab, and Lactobacillus spp. were modulated in the small intestine, and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was decreased. In contrast, no noticeable effect of probiotic feeding could be detected on the faecal microbiota, neither quantitatively, nor with regard to the bacterial groups (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Clostridium cluster I and XIVab, and Lactobacillus spp.) studied.

Pyrosequencing analysis of microbiota reveals that lactic acid bacteria are dominant in Korean flat fish fermented food,gajami-sikhae

“…Numerous studies have provided evidence that kimchi contains many beneficial probiotics, including that from LAB species. [43][44][45][46][47] In accordance with this, L. plantarum LG42 isolated from gajami-sikhae showed probiotic effects including anti-obesity properties. 7,11) A strain of L. sakei isolated from another food had been evaluated for its probiotic potential such as gastric resistance, survival, and bacteriocin production in the presence of bile salts and commercial prebiotics, and reducing the adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to intestinal epithelial cells.…”

The influence of the human microbiome and probiotics on cardiovascular health

“…A study performed on healthy weight mice found that there were significant changes in the gut microbiome as well as significant weight reduction in mice receiving either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG or Lactobacillus sakei NR28 daily by oral gavage for 3 weeks. 82 There was no significant difference in food consumption between control and probiotic treatment groups, indicating that the significant reduction in epididymal fat mass was not due to a reduction of energy consumption. Results from this study indicate that the modulation of the gut microbiome with probiotic administration produces an anti-obesity effect that directly reduces epididymal fat mass.…”

Fibre digestibility, abundance of faecal bacteria and plasma acetate concentrations in overweight adult mares

“…While this is an area of controversy due to the inconsistency in abundance of these two phyla in obese v. lean individuals, there is also variation between studies with respect to host species, samples evaluated (i.e. faecal v. intestine lumen v. intestinal mucosa), region of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated, and time point relative to obesity ( 37 , 38 ) . Nevertheless, these phyla continue to be associated with obesity in recent studies ( 39 , 40 ) and have not yet been evaluated relative to obesity in the horse.…”